Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Practice Topics Exam 5 > Endocrine Physiology 2 > Flashcards

Endocrine Physiology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting factors (hypophysiotrophic hormones) affect

A

the release of the ant pituitary hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The ___ partially controls the release of the ant pituitary hormones through ___

A 
Hypothalmus 
Through the releasing and inhibiting factors it puts into the portal system to the ant pituitary 
These factors (except dopamine) are peptides
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hypothalamic factors include

A 
CRH for control of ACTH
TRH for control of TSH 
Hypothalamic gonadotropin releasing hormone for control of FSH and LH
GHRH
Somatostatin
Dopamine (prolactin inhibiting factor)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Anterior pituitary gland is controlled by

A

releasing and inhibitory hormones secreted into the hypophyseal portal circulation
These hormones reach the ant pit directly through this portal circulation without going into general circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Specific secretory cell types of the ant pituitary secrete 6 major tropic hormones - what are they

A 
TSH*
ACTH*
FSH*
LH*
Prolactin - not really tropic
GH - has tropic and non tropic effects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Neurons in the hypothalamus synthesize what

A

oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone

Hormones are transported to the post pit for release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Anterior pit is an ___ ___

A

endocrine gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ant pit is controlled by

A

Releasing and inhibitory hormones that pass from the hypothalamus to the ant pituitary by a vascular hypothalmic hypophyseal portal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Tropic hormones

A

Endocrine gland is itself a target organ for another hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone is made in the

A

corticotroph cells of the anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone is AKA

A

ACTH or Corticotropin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Famous function of ACTH (Adrenocorticotrophic hormone or Corticotropin)

A

Famous thing is stress (can be physical, emotion, chemical, or others)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Function of ACTH (Adrenocorticotrophic hormone or Corticotropin) - Stimulates the synthesis and secretion of what

A

Adrenocortical hormones including

  • Cortisol
  • Androgens
  • Aldosterone

All secreted by the adrenal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Main effect of ACTH (Adrenocorticotrophic hormone or Corticotropin)

A

Stimulation of cortisol synthesis and secretion

At physiological levels, little or no effect on aldosterone secretion rate form the adrenal glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ACTH (Adrenocorticotrophic hormone or Corticotropin) - ACTH - Primary adrenal insufficiency

A

melanotropin receptors on melanocytes and accelerate melanin synthesis
Primary adrenal insufficiency can cause hyperpigmentation because ant pit makes excessive ACTH since feedback inhibition by cortisol does not occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ACTH (Adrenocorticotrophic hormone or Corticotropin) - Androgens

A

DO NOT feedback inhibit ACTH secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ACTH (Adrenocorticotrophic hormone or Corticotropin) - What causes the release of ACTH

A

Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus (RH will always be from hypothalamus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ACTH (Adrenocorticotrophic hormone or Corticotropin) - What causes the release of ACTH? What causes release of that?

A

Release of CRH is stimulated by psychological or physical stress
CRH from hypo causes ACTH secretion from ant pit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Prolactin - tropic?

A

Not technically - because it makes the breast develop tissue that is necessary to make milk - it does not act on another gland like most tropic hormones do

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Prolactin plays important role in

A

Normal development of mammary tissue and in milk production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Main release of prolactin is through

A

Inhibitory mechanism by dopamine

Release of prolactin is under negative control by the hypothalamic dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What stimulates the release of prolactin

A

Sucking - there is a dec in the release of dopamine so it has a positive effect on the release of prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Prolactin - inhibition of its release

A

Prolactin inhibits its own release by stimulating dopamine release from the hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Prolactin abbreviation is

A

PRL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Prolactin is produced by what

A

Lactotropes of the ant pituitary

26
Q

Sheehan syndrome AKA

A

Postpartum hypopituitarism

27
Q

Sheehan syndrome - describe

A

Pituitary approx doubles in size with normal pregnancy - this inc the needed blood supply
If pt becomes hypotensive due to post partum hemorrhage pituitary is thus more likely to suffer ischemia

28
Q

Release of prolactin (PRL) is predominantly under

A

Tonic inhibition by the hypothalamic hormone called prolactin inhibiting hormone

29
Q

Prolactin inhibiting hormone (PIH) is what

A

the catecholamine dopamine

30
Q

What stimulates the release of prolactin

A

Hypothalamic thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)

31
Q

Inhibiting action of dopamine vs. stimulating effect of TRH (on prolactn)

A

Inhibiting action of dopamine is stronger than the stimulating effect of TRH

32
Q

Damage to the portal blood circulation which prevents dopamine and TRH from reaching the ant pit will result n

A

Increased release of prolactin

If dopamine reaching the ant pit decreases, then prolactin release inc

33
Q

So a tumor compressing the pit stalk will cause (in relation to PRL)

A

hyperprolactinemia

34
Q

PRL inhibits what

A

Ovulation in F
Spermatogenesis in M
By inhibiting gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) synthesis and release from hypothalamus

35
Q

Excessive prolactin release causes

A

Infertility

36
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone is abbreviated hoe

A

TSH

37
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is produced in the

A

thyrotrophs of the ant pituitary

38
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is AKA

A

thyrotropin

39
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) - Function

A

Stimulates the synthesis and secretion of the thyroid hormones called Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3)

40
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) also stimulates the growth of

A

thyroid tissue

Can result in goiter formation under conditions of constant TSH release

41
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) - what stimulates the secretion of it

A

Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) from the hypothalamus

42
Q

TRH (thyrotropin releasing hormone) stimualtes the release of

A

TSH and PRL

43
Q

Leutinizing hormone is abbreviated how

A

LH

44
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone is abbreviated how

A

FSH

45
Q

LH and FSH stimulate

A

gonadal production of sex steroids which mediate reproductive function and bx

46
Q

Adrenocroticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulates

A

the adrenal glands to produce steroid hormones which regulate water and Na balance, inflammation and metabolism

47
Q

Prolactin stimulates

A

breast development and milk production

48
Q

Growth hormone exerts

A

Direct effects on tissue growth and differentiation and indirect effects through stimulation of insulin like growth factor 1 production (which mediates some of the growth and differentiation effects of GH)

49
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is synthesized by

A

the gonadotropes of the ant pit

50
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) - its release is under the control of

A

Gonadotropic releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus

51
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) - function

A

F - cause growth of follicles in ovaries

M - causes sperm maturation

52
Q

Leutinizing hormone (LH) is synthesized by

A

Gonadotropes of the ant pit

53
Q

Leutinizing hormone (LH) - its release is under the control of

A

Gonadotropic releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus

54
Q

Leutinizing hormone (LH) - Function

A

F - stimulation o fovulation, formation of corpus luteum, and estrogen and progesterone synthesis in ovaries
M - stimulation of testosterone synthesis in testes

55
Q

Growth Hormone (GH) is made by the

A

somatotropes of the ant pit

56
Q

Growth Hormone (GH) is AKA

A

Somatotropic hormone or somatotropin

57
Q

Release of Growth Hormone (GH) is controlled by

A

2 opposing hypothalamic hormones that are released into the hypothalamo-hypophysial portal circulation
GHRH and GHIH
Growth hormone releasing hormone
Growth hormone inhibiting hormone (AKA somatostatin)

58
Q

Growth Hormone (GH) - third regulator of GH secretion

A

Ghrelin - predominantly in stomach but is also secreted by the pancreas, kidney, liver and arcuate nucleus in the hypothalamus

59
Q

Growth Hormone (GH) - third regulator of GH secretion - Ghrelin binds to

A

Growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) = growth hormone release inducing

60
Q

Growth Hormone (GH) - Function

A

Stimualtes protein synthesis and overall growth of most cells and tissues
Stimulates production of insulin like growth factors (IGF)
IGF AKA somatomedins

Practice Topics Exam 5 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions