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Pathology > GI Pathology Boxes > Flashcards

GI Pathology Boxes Flashcards

1
Q

Most common GI congenital anomaly

A

Meckel’s diverticulum

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2
Q

Presents in the second or third week of life as new-onset regurgitation and persistent, projectile, nonbilious vomiting

Olive-sized abdominal mass on physical examination

A

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

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3
Q

Most common cause of Lower GI Bleeding in children

A

Meckel’s diverticulum

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4
Q

Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis is associated with

A

Turner Syndrome

Trisomy 18

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5
Q

Results when the normal migration of neural crest from cecum to rectum is arrested prematurely or when the ganglion cells undergo premature death

Distal intestinal segment lacks both the Meissner submucosal and Auerbach myenteric plexus (aganglionosis)

A

Hischrprung’s disease

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6
Q 
XO
Webbed neck
Short stature
Widely spaced nipples
Co Arctation of Aorta 
Bilaterally streaked ovaries
Amenorrhea
Congenita lymphedema
A

Turner Syndrome

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7
Q

Trisomy 18

A

Edward Syndrome

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8
Q

Grossly normal or contracted appearance

Absence of ganglion cells

A

Distal segment of Hirschprung’s

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9
Q

Undergoes progressive dilation

May become massively distended (megacolon)

A

Proximal segment of Hirschprung’s disease

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10
Q

Failure to pass meconium
Obstructive constipation
Explosive passage of flatus and feces

Tx:
Surgical resection of the aganglionic segment
Reanastomosis of normal colon or rectum

A

Hirschprung’s disease

Sx: colostomy followed by pull through procedure

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11
Q

Aganglionic megacolon

A

Chagas
Ulcerative colitis

Amegacolon - premature death

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12
Q

Most common congenital anomaly of pancreas

Failure of fusion of dorsal and ventral pancreatic primordia

Bulk of the pancreas drains through the dorsal pancreatic duct and the small-caliber minor papilla

Predisposes to chronic pancreatitis

A

Pancreas divisum

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13
Q

Band-like ring of normal pancreatic tissue that encircles 2nd portion of duodenum

Associated with other congenital anomalies

Presents as duodenal obstruction (gastric distention, vomiting)

A

Annular pancreas

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14
Q

Aberrantly situated pancreatic tissue

Favored site: stomach,duodenum, jejunum, Meckel diverticula, ileum

May cause localized inflammation or mucosal bleeding

A

Ectopic pancreas

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15
Q

Reversible pancreatic parenchymal injury associated with inflammation

Most common etiologies are:

A

Acute Pancreatitis

Gallstones
Alcoholism 65%
Biliary tract disease (35-60%)

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16
Q

Most common cause of chronic pancreatitis

A

Alcoholism

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17
Q

Microvascular leakage causing edema
Necrosis of fat by lipolytic enzymes
Acute inflammation
Proteolytic destruction of pancreatic parenchyma
Destruction of blood vessels and subsequent intersittial hemorrhage

Duct obstruction (stone) - ischemia
Acinar cell injury (alcohol, drugs, trauma, virus) - activation of enzyme 
Defective intracellular transport (metabolic injury, alcohol, duct obstruction) - intracellular enzyme

All lead to acinar cell injury

A

Acute pancreatitis

18
Q

Activated enzymes in acute panc

A

Intersitital inflammation and edema
Proteolysis (proteases)
Fat necrosis (lipase, phospholipase)
Hemorrhage (elastase)

19
Q

Inflammation of the pancreas with irreversible destruction of exocrine parenchyma

Most common cause of chronic pancreatitis is long-term alcohol abuse

A

Chronic pancreatitis

20
Q

Parenchymal fibrosis
Reduced number and size of acini
Dilation of pancreatic ducts

A

Chronic pancreatitis

21
Q

Causes of Acute Pancreatitis

A

Gallstones
Ethanol
Trauma

Mumps
ERCP
Sulfa drugs

22
Q

Strongest environmental influence of pancreatic adenocarcinoma

A

Smoking

23
Q

60% of pancreatic adenoma is located in the

A

head

24
Q

Painless obstructive jaundice

Associated with most cases of carcinoma of the head of the pancreas

A

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

25
Q

Ranson Criteria

On admission:

A 
Glucose >200
AST 250
LDH >350
Age >55
WBC >16000
26
Q

Ranson Criteria

Initial 48 h

A 
Calcium <8
Hct drop >10%
Oxygen <60
B
B
S
27
Q

Most appropriate treatment for acute pancreatitis

A

Bowel rest NPO

28
Q

What is the most appropriate analgesic for patients with acute pancreatitis? Why?

A

Meperidine (doesn’t cause dysfunction of Sphincter of Oddi)

29
Q

What is the tumor marker for pancretic cancer

A

CA19-9

30
Q

What is the surgical treatment for pancreatic cancer

A

Whipple’s procedure

Pancreaticoduodonectomy

31
Q

What is the condition characterized by extrinsic compressesion of the common hepatic duct, than be mistaken for pancreatic cancer?

A

Mirizzi Syndrome

32
Q

What is the clinical sign characterized by a painless palpable gallbladder with jaundice

A

Courvoisier gallbladder

33
Q

Histologic layers of esophagus

A

Inner circular
Middle oblique
Outer longitudinal - striated muscle first 6-8 cm

NO SEROSA (allows easy spread of disease into mediastinum)

34
Q

Most of the islet cell tumors of pancreas are found in the

A

tail

35
Q

Migratory thrombophlebitis associated with pancreatic carcinoma

A

Trousseau syndrome

36
Q

Signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia

Resolution of signs and symptoms after glucose administration

A

Whipple’s triad

37
Q 
Sac like dilatation
Above the diaphragm
Heartburn
Inc incidence in PUD
Carcinoma is a rare complication
A

Hiatal hernia

38
Q 
80-90% of diaphragmatic hernias
Congenitally short esophagus
Esophageal scarring with traction on stomach
Aggravated by swallowing 
Predisposes to reflux
A

Sliding type of diaphragmatic hernia

39
Q

10-20%
Portion of cardia protrudes through diaphragm into thorax alongside esophagus
Vulnerable to strangulation and infarction

A

Rolling (paraesophageal hernia)

40
Q

Dense infiltrates of neutrophils

Outright necrosis of esophageal wall

A

Chemical esophagitis

41
Q

Occurs at the site of structures that impede passages of luminal contents
Superficial necrosis with granulation tissue and fibrosis

A

Pill-induces esophagitis

42
Q 
Excessive TGF a
30-60 y/o
Diffuse hyperplasia of foveolar epithelium of body and fundus
Protein losing enteropathy
Hypoporoteinemia 
Weight loss and diarrhea
A

Menetrier disease

Pathology (24 decks)

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