GI other

Question 1

Juglans nigra

Answer 1

napthoquinones, volatile oils, tannins

ci: pregnancy, long term use
se: nausea vomiting, diarrhea, carcinogenic, mutagenic

Question 2

Tanacetum vulgare

Answer 2

volatile oil, thujone, artemisia ketone, isothujone, sesquiterpene lactones, flavonoids, tannins

ci: pregnancy, GI irritation
se: asteraceae

Question 3

Ceonothus americanus

Answer 3

cyclic peptide alkaloids, triterpenes, tannins

interactions: antagonize warfarin

Question 4

Geranium maculatum

Answer 4

tannins

interactions: decreased drug absorbency

Question 5

Quercus rubra

Answer 5

tannins

interactions: reduce drugs absorption
ci: heart failure, large areas of skin damage, constipation, iron deficiency
se: anemia, malabsorption with long term

Question 6

Arctium lappa

Answer 6

lignins, sesquiterpene, lactones, tannins, mucilage, pectin, fatty acids, phenolic acids

interactions: decreased need for diabetic agents//insulin
ci: asteraceae
se: nausea

Question 7

Artemisia absinthum

Answer 7

thujone, sesquiterpene bitters

interactions: decrease PPI
take away from iron

ci: history of seizures, stomach or intestinal ulcers, pregnancy, lactation
se: continuous use not advisable, thujone may lead to vomiting, cramps, headaches, dizzy, CNS disturbances

Question 8

Artemisia vulgaris

Answer 8

thujone, camphor, sesquiterpene lactones, hydroxy coumarins

interactions: decrease PPI, potentiates diabetic drugs,
ci: pregnancy, lactation, gerd, PUD, gastritis, biliary obstruction, acute cholelithiasis, diarrhea, asteracea

Question 9

Gentiana lutea

Answer 9

iridoid monotepenes (bitter), monosaccharides, pyridine alkaloids

interactions: decrease psi
ci: ulcers
se: excess stomach acid, nausea

Question 10

Cinnamomum zeylanicum

Answer 10

volatile oil, diterpenes, oligomeric proanthocyanidins, mucilages

ci: pregnancy, allergy, ulcers, acid reflux, prolong use is toxic
se: gi irritant, nausea, vomiting

Question 11

Foeniculum vulgare

Answer 11

volatile oils, flavonoids, coumarins

ci: pregnancy, children under 2, prolonged use
se: cross sensitivity with celery allergy, cns toxicity in high doses

Question 12

Mentha piperita

Answer 12

volatile oil, caffein acid

interactions: peppermint oil may reduce CCB efficacy
ci: pregnancy, gerd, obstruction of biliary ducts, gallbladder inflammation or severe liver damage, open wounds, do not apply to faces of infants for chance of asthmatic response
se: allergic reaction, avoid with g-6-p dehydrogenase deficiency

Question 13

Rosmarinus officinalis

Answer 13

caffein acid, diterpenes, flavonoids, triterpenes, volatile oil

interactions: potentiates doxorubicin and vinblastine
ci: pregnancy, epilepsy due to camphor inducing seizures
se: toxic dose may lead to coma, spasm, vomiting and death

Question 14

Zingiber officinale

Answer 14

volatile oil, ginger, shogoal, starch

interactions: potentiates warfarin over 4 g
ci: do not exceed 2 grams per day in pregnancy, may inhibit thromboxane synthesis (do not use if hemorrhage risk)
se: minor gi complaints, may cause hypersensitivity dermatitis

Question 15

Althea officinalis

Answer 15

mucilages, pectins and starches

interactions: may decrease absorption, take meds 2 hours away
ci: profuse catarrh or congestion in respiratory conditions

Question 16

Cannabis sativa

Answer 16

cannabinoids, volatile oile, flavonoids

interactions: concurrent use of sildenafil may result in cardiovascular adverse effects including MI, avoid using with CNS depressants, ethanol
ci: nausea other than from chemo, pregnancy, lactation, personal or fhx of schizophrenia, heavy prolonged use by smoking, motor vehicle

se: dizziness, euphoria, laughing, paranoid, somnolence, abnormal thicnking,
aspergillus

Question 17

Linum usitatissimum

Answer 17

mucilages, cyanogenic glycosides, fatty oil, proteins, lignin’s

interactions: take away from other meds
ci: ileum of any origin, stricture of esophagus, acute inflammatory illness of GI, esophagus or stomach

Question 18

Ulmus spp

Answer 18

slippery elm

mucilage, tannin, polysaccharides

interaction: iron absorption

Question 19

Aloe vera

Answer 19

anthracene derivatives, 2-alkylchromones, flavonoids

interactions: additive hypoglycemic effect
ci: third degree burns, deep and or infected wounds, wounds healing by secondary infxn
se: very safe but may cause diarrhea or cramping

Question 20

Cassia augustifolia

Answer 20

anthracene derivatives, naphthalene derivatives

senna

interactions: diuretic, corticosteroids, cardiac glycosides, glycyrrhiza, anti arrhythmias, pseudoephedrine, glycyrrhiza,
ci: intestinal obstruction, acute IBD or appendix, pregnancy??

se; cramping, red feces and urine, pseudomelanosis coli, diarrhea, uterus reflex, contraction miscarriage

Question 21

Podophyllum pelatum

Answer 21

podophyllin, lignans

not used any more - cytotoxic

ci: pregnancy, gallstones, go irritation
se: irritating to skin and mucous membranes, do not take INTERNALLY, blood watery diarrhea, vomiting of liquid bile, dizzy, headache, spasms, collapse, respiratory failure and death

Question 22

Rhamnus frangula/ purshiana

Answer 22

anthracene derivatives, naphthalene derivatives, peptide alkaloids

interactions: diuretics, cardiac glycosides, gycyrrhiza, pseudoephedrine, antiarrhthmics, corticosteroids
ci: pregnancy and lactation, intestinal obstruction, children under 12, for longer than 1-2 weeks
se: cramping, colic, red urin, feces, speudomelanosis coli, diarrhea,

Question 23

Ricinis communis

Answer 23

fatty oil protein substances, lectins, ricin, vitamin E

interact: diuretics, corticosteroids, cardiac glycosides, pseudoephedrine, antarrhtyhmics, glycyrrhiza
ci: large areas of broken skin, internally for more than 10 days, bulimia, obstruction, spastic constipation, acute G inflammation, under 12 years, pregnant lactating
se: castor bean poisoning, red feces and urine, pseudomelanosis coli, diarrhea, cramping

Question 24

Rumex crispus

Answer 24

yellow dock

oxalates, tannins, anthracene derivatives, naphthalene derivatives

interactions: diuretics, corticosteroids, cardiac glycosides, pseudoephedrine, antarrhtyhmics, glycyrrhiza
ci: gi irritation, history of kidney disease or oxalates
se: gi cramping, colic, red urin, feces, pseudomelanosis coli, diarrhea