CNS other Flashcards
Aconitum napellus
tropane alkaloids
This drug is stimulating at first then leads to paralysis of motor and sensory nerve endings.
CI: pregnancy and lactation
Side effects: extremely toxic, tingling of mouth, fingers, toes that spreads. sudden drop in body temperature, vomiting, diarrhea, urination
Atropa belladonna
tropane alkaloids
Interactions: potentiates anticholinergics, buproprion, atropine, dextromehtophan, TCAs
Contraindications: long term or high dose, BPH, urinary retention, prostate cancer, tachycardia, arrhythmia, closed angle glaucoma, GI stenosis, megacolon, pregnancy, lactation, children
side effects: hot as a hare, red as a beet, dry as a bone, blind as a bat, mad as a hatter”
Avena sativa
starch, albumin, fiber
interactions: take away from HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
Bacopa monnieri
triterpenoid saponins
side effects: possible palpitations, nausea, dry mouth, thirst
Camella sinensis
purine alkaloids, caffein acid derivatives
interactions: decreases warfarin efficacy
CI: pregnancy and lactation due to caffeine, weak cardiovascular or renal system, hyperthyroid, anxiety
Side effects: GI irritation, constipation due to tannin
Centella asiatica
triterpene acids
CI: pregnancy
Side effects: skin irritation if topical, photosensitivity, DM, hyperlipidemia, possible infertility
Daura stramonium
tropane alkaloids
No recommended because non-standardized products have varying alkaloid content
Interactions: potentiates anticholinergics, TCAs
CI: glaucoma, pregnancy, anticholinergics, TCAs
side effects: hot as a hare, red as a beet, dry as a bone, blind as a bat, mad as a hatter
Eschscholzia californica
alkaloids, flavone glycosides
Interactions: MAOIs and SSRI
CI: pregnancy, lactation
Addictive
Gelsemium sempverirens
indole alkaloids
Interactions: potentiates aspirin
CI: Hypotension, myasthenia gravis, pregnancy, respiratory or cardiac disease
side effects: double vision, dry mouth, dysphagia, vomiting, headaches, dizziness, loss of speech, pupil enlargement, trembling limbs, paralysis, cyanosis, compa
NOT USED MUCH ANYMORE, MAINLY AS HOMEOPATHIC
Humulus lupulus
bitter acids (humulone)
Interactions: barbituates
CI: depression, pregnancy
Side effects: nausea, headache (hangover)
Hyoscyamus niger
tropane alkaloids
Interactions: anticholinergics, TCA
CI: arrhythmia, prostatic cancer, closed angle glaucoma, GI stenosis, megacolon
Side effects: dryness, nausea, rapid pulse, vertigo, mydriasis, hallucinations, coma, salivation, death by asphyxiation
Hypericum perforatum
hypericin, hyperforin, volatile oil
Interactions: benzodiazepines, TCA, SSRI
use to wean off MAOIs, potentiates anti retrovirals, antagonizes theophylline, cyclosporine, digoxin and warfarin
Induces CYP450
CI: suicidal ideation, high dose pregnancy
side effects: photosensitivity, alopecia, diarrhea, indigestion, fatigue, depression, elevated liver enzymes
Matricaria recutitia
volatile oil, coumarins, flavonoids, azulenes
interactions: may potentiate sedatives: anti histamines, barbiturates, benzos, opiates, trazodone, zolpidem
CI: allergy
side effect: allergy, only one case of anaphylaxis reported
Melissa officinalis
volatile oil
none
Passiflora incarnata
flavonoids, alkaloids (harman, harmaline),
Interactions: potentiate SSRI, MAOIs, sedatives
ci: pregnancy, uterine stimulant
Piper methysticum
kava lactones
inhibits cox2
interactions: potentiates antipschotis, benzodiazepines
CI: lactation, pregnancy, depression
side effects: hepatotoxicity, addictive, exfoliative dermatitis, ulcers, vomiting, unconsciousness
Piscidia erythrina
isoflavonoids
Interactions; potentiates sedatives
CI: pregnancy at high doses
side effects: high doses: nausea, vomiting, salivation, diaphoreses, hyporeflexia, bradycardia, mydriasis, depressed, convulsion, respiratory depression, heart failure, death
Pulsatilla vulgaris
saponin
interactions: non
ci: pregnancy
side effect: skin irritation, GI irritation severe
Rhodiola rosea
flavonoids, lignins, monoterpene glycosides
interactions: additive effect with stimulants
ci: mania
side effect: bipolar
scutellaria lateriflora
flavonoids, tannins, iridio glycosides, volatile oils
side effects: from adulteration: toxicity, hepatotoxicity
Tanacetum parthenium
fever few
3 beta hydroxy parthenolide: anti inflammatory, suppress prostaglandin production, does not inhibit COX
interactions: may antagonize morphine and blood thinners
ci: pregnancy in high doses, asteracea
side effects; blood thinning
Valeriana officinalis
iridoids, volatile oils, sesquiterpenes (valerenic acid), starch, tannin, gum resin
interactions: other hepatotoxic agents, alcohol, opiates, benzo, barbiturates, take away from iron
ci: liver disease
side effects: drowsiness, headache, vertigo, restlessness, insomnia GERD, CNS paralysis
