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Clinical Pathology > GI MIDTERM > Flashcards

GI MIDTERM Flashcards

1
Q

Where does a Mallory Weiss Tear Occur?

A

gastroesophageal junction

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2
Q

which are3 reasons for hematemesis due to the esophagus?

A

esophageal varices, esophageal mucosal lesions, and mallory weiss tears

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3
Q

Which area of the esophagus do varices enlarge and congest at?

A

lower end of the esophagus

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4
Q

4 types of espophagitis

A

pill, infectious, non treated gerd, and eosinophilic

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5
Q

Infectious esophagitis is due to what 4 bacterial/viral infections?

A

Candida, CMV, HIV, and Herpes Simplex

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6
Q

If a patient is having trouble swallowing solids only, what could the problem be?

A

mechanical obstruction; strictures, webs/rings, diverticuli, and TUMORS

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7
Q

If a patient is having problem swallowing solids AND liquids, what could the problem be?

A

motility issues

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8
Q

Esophageal webs are located where in the esophagus?

A

upper esophagus

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9
Q

WHen can webs become symptomatic?

A

when they become circumferential

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10
Q

Plummer vinson syndrome is BLANKKK

A

a combination of symptomatic proximal esophageal webs and iron deficiency anemia

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11
Q

Shatzki Rings are located where and are what?

A

lower esophagus and are

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12
Q

A pouch of sac in a tubular organ in the esophagus is called a

A

Zenker’s diverticulum

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13
Q

most common location of zenkers diverticulum is

A

hypophargyngeal region

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14
Q

Which is more common: gastric of duodenal ulcers?

A

duodenal

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15
Q

Duodenal is more common in old or young Pts

A

Young

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16
Q

Duodenal has normal to BLANKK acid, where gastric has normal to BLANKK acid

A

DUodenal=high acid; gastric=low acid

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17
Q

most common risk factors of gastric and duodenal uldcers?

A

H pylori and NSAIDS

18
Q

what part of the GI does H pylori accumulate?

A

antrum of stomach

19
Q

pain is worsened with food. which type of ulcer

A

gastric

20
Q

pain is relieved with food. which type of ulcer

A

duodenal

21
Q

Most common complication oif PUD

A

bleeding

22
Q

Perforation with PUD presents as:

A

severe, painful, board like abdomen

23
Q

Zollinger Ellison syndrome is

A

peptic ulcer disease caused by endocrine TUMOR that secretes too much gastrin

24
Q

WHat is the main difference bt dyspepsia and gastritis?

A

dyspepsia=pain in abdominal stomach region

gastritis= inflammatory pathology that is histologically confirmed

25
Q

Pernicious Anemia is associated with what type of chronic gastritis?

A

type A autoimmune d/ autoantibodies attacking IF.

26
Q

yellow discoloration in the eyes is called

A

scleral icterus

27
Q

Inherited hyperbilirubinemia

A

Gilberts syndrome

28
Q

Carotenoderma is

A

yellow coloring of the skin due to excessive intake of foods containing carotene

29
Q

Carotenoderma vs jaundice: which affects the sclera?

A

Jaundice. CAROTENODERMA DOES NOT AFFECT THE SCLERA

30
Q

number one cause of acute liver failure is

A

drug induced liver injury by acetaminophen

31
Q

What tests would you do to determine if someone was having hepatocellular injury?

A

ALT and AST

32
Q

What test would you perform to determine if the sxs were caused by a biliary issue?

A

Alkaline phosphate

33
Q

What is the most common chronic liver disease in the US?

A

Non alcoholic fatty liver disease

34
Q

Which race is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease most common in?

A

latinos

35
Q

Risk factors of non alcoholic fatty liver liver disease include 2?

A

obesity and diabetess

36
Q

In order for someone to be diagnosed with NAFLD, they must deny

A

drinking alcohol amounts unsafe for the liver.

37
Q

Steatosis=

A

Accumulation of triglycerides with NO inflammation

38
Q

Steatohepatitis=

A

accumulation of triglycerides with inflammation and cell death.

39
Q

Cirrhosis is reversible T/F

A

F; cirrhosis is irreversible

40
Q

Steatohepatitis is reversible T/F

A

T: can improve to steatosis with no inflammation

41
Q

Best form of initial ancillary study for NAFLD=

A

ultrasound

Clinical Pathology (10 decks)

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