GI MIDTERM Flashcards
Where does a Mallory Weiss Tear Occur?
gastroesophageal junction
which are3 reasons for hematemesis due to the esophagus?
esophageal varices, esophageal mucosal lesions, and mallory weiss tears
Which area of the esophagus do varices enlarge and congest at?
lower end of the esophagus
4 types of espophagitis
pill, infectious, non treated gerd, and eosinophilic
Infectious esophagitis is due to what 4 bacterial/viral infections?
Candida, CMV, HIV, and Herpes Simplex
If a patient is having trouble swallowing solids only, what could the problem be?
mechanical obstruction; strictures, webs/rings, diverticuli, and TUMORS
If a patient is having problem swallowing solids AND liquids, what could the problem be?
motility issues
Esophageal webs are located where in the esophagus?
upper esophagus
WHen can webs become symptomatic?
when they become circumferential
Plummer vinson syndrome is BLANKKK
a combination of symptomatic proximal esophageal webs and iron deficiency anemia
Shatzki Rings are located where and are what?
lower esophagus and are
A pouch of sac in a tubular organ in the esophagus is called a
Zenker’s diverticulum
most common location of zenkers diverticulum is
hypophargyngeal region
Which is more common: gastric of duodenal ulcers?
duodenal
Duodenal is more common in old or young Pts
Young
Duodenal has normal to BLANKK acid, where gastric has normal to BLANKK acid
DUodenal=high acid; gastric=low acid
most common risk factors of gastric and duodenal uldcers?
H pylori and NSAIDS
what part of the GI does H pylori accumulate?
antrum of stomach
pain is worsened with food. which type of ulcer
gastric
pain is relieved with food. which type of ulcer
duodenal
Most common complication oif PUD
bleeding
Perforation with PUD presents as:
severe, painful, board like abdomen
Zollinger Ellison syndrome is
peptic ulcer disease caused by endocrine TUMOR that secretes too much gastrin
WHat is the main difference bt dyspepsia and gastritis?
dyspepsia=pain in abdominal stomach region
gastritis= inflammatory pathology that is histologically confirmed
Pernicious Anemia is associated with what type of chronic gastritis?
type A autoimmune d/ autoantibodies attacking IF.
yellow discoloration in the eyes is called
scleral icterus
Inherited hyperbilirubinemia
Gilberts syndrome
Carotenoderma is
yellow coloring of the skin due to excessive intake of foods containing carotene
Carotenoderma vs jaundice: which affects the sclera?
Jaundice. CAROTENODERMA DOES NOT AFFECT THE SCLERA
number one cause of acute liver failure is
drug induced liver injury by acetaminophen
What tests would you do to determine if someone was having hepatocellular injury?
ALT and AST
What test would you perform to determine if the sxs were caused by a biliary issue?
Alkaline phosphate
What is the most common chronic liver disease in the US?
Non alcoholic fatty liver disease
Which race is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease most common in?
latinos
Risk factors of non alcoholic fatty liver liver disease include 2?
obesity and diabetess
In order for someone to be diagnosed with NAFLD, they must deny
drinking alcohol amounts unsafe for the liver.
Steatosis=
Accumulation of triglycerides with NO inflammation
Steatohepatitis=
accumulation of triglycerides with inflammation and cell death.
Cirrhosis is reversible T/F
F; cirrhosis is irreversible
Steatohepatitis is reversible T/F
T: can improve to steatosis with no inflammation
Best form of initial ancillary study for NAFLD=
ultrasound
