GI: intestinal, liver & biliary disorders Flashcards
diverticulosis
when small pockets or sacs form and push outward through weak spots of your colon
diverticulitis
inflammed diverticuli
S/S diverticular disease
LLQ pain polyuria fever & elevated WBCs constipation N/V
treatment for diverticular disease
diet modification clear liquids IV fluids pain meds antibiotics surgery
hiatal hernia
protrusion of abdominal structures upward through esophageal hiatus
S/S hernia
heartburn like pain dysphagia chest pain dyspnea hoarseness
treatment for hernia
behavior modifications eating small/frequent meals bland food with high fiber content acid reducing meds laparoscopic repair
abdominal hernia
protrusion of bowel that is classified by location of protrusion
S/S of hernia
abdominal distension N/V position changes with increased abdominal pressure pain paresthesia
treatment for hernia
monitor asymptomatic cases
surgical repair for symptomatic
possible temporary colostomy
crohn’s disease
IBD
can occur anywhere in the GI - commonly terminal ileum, proximal colon
S/S crohns disease
abdominal cramping RLQ pain/mass diarrhea weight loss fatigue low grade fever
causes crohns disease
genetics immune dysregulation infectious agents psychological issues environmental factors
treatment for crohns
corticosteroids
antibiotics
immunosuppressants
nutritional support
complications for crohns
intestinal obstruction inflammation of membranes arthritis ankylosing spondylitis gallstones B12 deficiency thromboembolism
ulcerative colitis
IBD
occurs in the mucosal layer of the rectum and proximal colon
causes of ulcerative colitis
not well known but appears to be similar to crohns
S/S ulcerative colitis
lower abdominal pain relieved by defecation, bloody stools, diarrhea, incontinence, nocturnal defecation, fatigue, wt loss, dehydration
treatment for ulcerative colitis
anti-inflammatory meds immunosuppressants biologics diet modification surgery monitoring for colon cancer
complications for ulcerative colitis
similar to crohns
morbid obesity
chronic disease by excessive body fat and BMI of 30 or higher
many comorbidities are linked
conservative tx for morbid obesity
weight loss - 10% reduction diet modification meds behavior mgmt increased PA
surgical tx for morbid obesity
gastric bypass
gastric banding
gastroplasty
gastroectomy
when do you see better outcomes with morbid obesity
when pt’s are involved in exercise program
encephalopathy is caused by what
may be caused by acute and chronic liver disease (cirrhosis)
S/S for encephalopathy
impaired mental status and neuromuscular dysfunction occurs over hours to days
delirium
alter consciousness
ammonia intoxification, changes in cerebral blood flow
treatment for encephalopathy
reduce ammonia levels correct electrolyte imbalance antibiotics nutritional support liver transplant
cholecystitis
acute or chronic inflammation of the gallbladder
cholelithiasis
gallstone formation
S/S cholecystitis
RUQ pain that may radiate to R shoulder abdominal rebound tenderness jaundice N/V fever
treatment for cholecystitis
laparoscopic cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal)
