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Acute Care > Cardiovascular Conditions pt. 3: Conditions & Management > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Conditions pt. 3: Conditions & Management Flashcards

1
Q

coronary atherosclerotic disease

A

plaques deposited on arterial walls

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2
Q

angina

A

transient arterial spasms vs exertional

stable vs unstable

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3
Q

MI

A

evolution of ischemia to infarction

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4
Q

agonal rhythm

A

irregular
<20 bpm
near death

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5
Q

multifocal VT

A

irregular rhythm and rate >150 bpm

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6
Q

AV blocks

A

rhythm disturbance where electrical conduction from atria to ventricles is partially or completely blocked

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7
Q

valvular heart disease

A

affects one or more of the 4 valves in the heart

- stenosis, regurgitation, prolapse

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8
Q

myocardial heart disease

A

affect heart muscle tissue

referred to as cardiomyopathy

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9
Q

pericardial heart disease

A

affects the pericardium

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10
Q

cardiac management

A 
revascularization and reperfusion of myocardium
ablation procedures
cardioversion
life vest
valve replacement
AVR
cardiac transplant
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11
Q

what is thrombolytic therapy

A

acute management strategy for pts experiencing MI

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12
Q

percutaneous revascularization

A

balloon tipped catheter threaded into occluded artery

balloon is inflated to make artery patent once again

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13
Q

coronary artery bypass graft

A

CABG
vascular graft used to revascularize the myocardium when a coronary artery is occluded
median sternotomy is standard, sternal precautions!!

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14
Q

sternal precautions last how long

A

typically 8 wks but up to surgeon

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15
Q

risk factors for dehiscence

A 
obesity 
COPD
diabetes
smoking
PVD
repeat thoracotomy 
female
pendulous breasts
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16
Q

what AD can a sternal precaution pt use

A

walker but do not bear weight thru arms

17
Q

ablation procedures

A

remove or isolate ectopic foci in order to reduce rhythm disturbance

18
Q

with an ablation procedure what is required

A

the leg used for procedure must remain straight and immobile for 3-4 hrs

19
Q

cardioversion

A

restore normal heart rhythm in tachycardia arrhythmic conditions

20
Q

cardiac pacemaker implantation

A

provides pacer function to ensure regular rhythm

21
Q

automatic implantable cardiac defibrillator

A

manages ventricular arrhythmia by defibrillating myocardium as needed to restore normal rhythm

22
Q

PT considerations for cardioversion

A

closely monitor activity response with HR and BP - also know if device has rate modulation

23
Q

cardiac pacemaker implantation, what is good to know about this device and why

A

not all devices have rate modulation, pt’s HR may not change with activity during PT

24
Q

what is an example of an external defibrillator

A

life vest

high risk for cardiac arrest

25
Q

ventricular assist device

A

used to unload right or left ventricle and support pulmonary/systemic circulation

26
Q

rehab for ventricular AD

A

referral for initiating exercise for phase I-II cardiac rehab

27
Q

precautions for ventricular AD

A

kno emergency procedures in case of battery failure, maintain patency of drive lines w external pump, monitor hemodynamics

28
Q

complications for ventricular AD

A

thrombus formation, CVA, hemorrhage, line infections renal or hepatic insufficiency

29
Q

stable angina

A
  • predictable, episodic
  • triggered by physical and/or psychological stressors
  • occurs with constant fq. over time
  • relieved by rest of nitroglycerin
30
Q

unstable angina

A
  • new onset
  • occurring at rest of minimal exertion
  • progressive in nature with increased fq. of episode
  • refractory to previously effective medicine
  • more likely lead to MI
31
Q

what do you do if a pt has chest pain

A
  • stop activity let them rest
  • monitor vitals
  • angina rating scale
  • determine what the pain is
  • take nitroglycerin if prescribed
  • educate pt’s on the difference btw the chest pains

Acute Care (20 decks)

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