GI: Esophageal & Stomach disorders Flashcards
right upper quadrant includes what
liver gallbladder colon kidney duodenum small intestine
right lower quadrant includes what
ascending colon
cecum
appendix
small intestine
lower upper quadrant includes
stomach spleen pancreas kidney colon jejunum
left lower quadrant includes
descending colon
colon
sigmoid colon
small intestine
common symptoms of GI dysfunction
NVD hemoptysis incontinence/diarrhea heartburn abdominal pain dysphagia/odynophagia jaundice color changes in stool medical hx substance abuse food intolerance thyroid dysfunction DM
laparoscopy
- insertion of laparoscope into abdominal cavity
- use small incision and local anesthetic
- diagnostic or therapeutic
barium swallow
pt swallows barium liquid while x-ray and fluroscopic images examine swallowing and peristalsis of esophagus
what is barium swallow used for
to identify pathologic conditions of the esophagus (propulsion of liquid through esophagus into stomach)
modified barium swallow study (MBSS)
used to diagnose dysphagia (analyzes mouth, throat and upper esophagus)
looks at the whole system - helps indicate what diet they should be on
endoscopy
insertion of endoscope into digestive tract
esophagus, stomach, small intestine
ERCP
- endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
- uses endoscopy and fluroscopy to diagnose and treat gallbladder, biliary system, pancreas and liver problems
GI bleeding scans
used to determine the presence and/or source of GI bleeding
upper GI series
used to identify disorders of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum
passage of barium is visualized with imaging studies
dysphagia diagnosis
MBSS, endoscopy, CT or MRI, FEES (fiberoptic endoscopic examination of swallowing)
what causes dysphagia
neurological conditions (stroke, TBI), dementia, myasthenia gravis
dysphagia treatment
airway protection
nutritonal support
GERD
backflow of gastric acid into esophagus
S/S of GERD
heartburn and regurgitation
treatment of GERD
diet modification, weight loss, PPIs, H2 blockers, nissen fundoplication
PUD
ulceration in the stomach and duodenum
causes of PUD
H.pylori infxn and NSAIDs
S/S of PUD
hungerlike sensation
nocturnal pain
treatment of PUD
lifestyle modifications, PPIs, antibiotics, no NSAIDs/aspirin
dumping syndrome
enhanced gastric emptying interrupts normal digestive sequence
dumping syndrome can result from what
a number of GI surgeries including gastrectomy, gastric bypass surgery, PUD surgery, Nissen fundoplication
when does early DS occur and what are the symptoms
occurs within 30 min of meal
palpitations, tachycardia, flushing, diaphoresis, syncope
abdominal symptoms
when does late DS occur and what are they symptoms
occurs 1-3 hrs after meal
S/S consistent with hypoglycemia
treatment for dumping syndrome
dietary changes and meds
UGIB occurs where and what is it caused by
- occurs in esophagus, stomach, duodenum
- caused by uclers, gastric erosion, gastric/esophageal varices
LGIB occurs where and what is it caused by
- occurs in colon and anorectum
- caused by IBS, ischemic colitis, anal and rectal lesions, ulcerate polyps and colorectal cancer
S/S for GI hemorrhage
hematemesis
hematochezia
melena
S/S treatment for GI hemorrhage
IV fluids, blood transfusions, management of causative factors
