GI: Esophageal & Stomach disorders

Question 1

right upper quadrant includes what

Answer 1

liver
gallbladder
colon
kidney
duodenum
small intestine

Question 2

right lower quadrant includes what

Answer 2

ascending colon
cecum
appendix
small intestine

Question 3

lower upper quadrant includes

Answer 3

stomach
spleen 
pancreas
kidney
colon
jejunum

Question 4

left lower quadrant includes

Answer 4

descending colon
colon
sigmoid colon
small intestine

Question 5

common symptoms of GI dysfunction

Answer 5

NVD
hemoptysis
incontinence/diarrhea
heartburn
abdominal pain
dysphagia/odynophagia
jaundice
color changes in stool
medical hx
substance abuse 
food intolerance 
thyroid dysfunction
DM

Question 6

laparoscopy

Answer 6

• insertion of laparoscope into abdominal cavity
• use small incision and local anesthetic
• diagnostic or therapeutic

Question 7

barium swallow

Answer 7

pt swallows barium liquid while x-ray and fluroscopic images examine swallowing and peristalsis of esophagus

Question 8

what is barium swallow used for

Answer 8

to identify pathologic conditions of the esophagus (propulsion of liquid through esophagus into stomach)

Question 9

modified barium swallow study (MBSS)

Answer 9

used to diagnose dysphagia (analyzes mouth, throat and upper esophagus)
looks at the whole system - helps indicate what diet they should be on

Question 10

endoscopy

Answer 10

insertion of endoscope into digestive tract

esophagus, stomach, small intestine

Question 11

ERCP

Answer 11

• endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

- uses endoscopy and fluroscopy to diagnose and treat gallbladder, biliary system, pancreas and liver problems

Question 12

GI bleeding scans

Answer 12

used to determine the presence and/or source of GI bleeding

Question 13

upper GI series

Answer 13

used to identify disorders of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum
passage of barium is visualized with imaging studies

Question 14

dysphagia diagnosis

Answer 14

MBSS, endoscopy, CT or MRI, FEES (fiberoptic endoscopic examination of swallowing)

Question 15

what causes dysphagia

Answer 15

neurological conditions (stroke, TBI), dementia, myasthenia gravis

Question 16

dysphagia treatment

Answer 16

airway protection

nutritonal support

Question 17

GERD

Answer 17

backflow of gastric acid into esophagus

Question 18

S/S of GERD

Answer 18

heartburn and regurgitation

Question 19

treatment of GERD

Answer 19

diet modification, weight loss, PPIs, H2 blockers, nissen fundoplication

Question 20

PUD

Answer 20

ulceration in the stomach and duodenum

Question 21

causes of PUD

Answer 21

H.pylori infxn and NSAIDs

Question 22

S/S of PUD

Answer 22

hungerlike sensation

nocturnal pain

Question 23

treatment of PUD

Answer 23

lifestyle modifications, PPIs, antibiotics, no NSAIDs/aspirin

Question 24

dumping syndrome

Answer 24

enhanced gastric emptying interrupts normal digestive sequence

Question 25

dumping syndrome can result from what

Answer 25

a number of GI surgeries including gastrectomy, gastric bypass surgery, PUD surgery, Nissen fundoplication

Question 26

when does early DS occur and what are the symptoms

Answer 26

occurs within 30 min of meal palpitations, tachycardia, flushing, diaphoresis, syncope abdominal symptoms

Question 27

when does late DS occur and what are they symptoms

Answer 27

occurs 1-3 hrs after meal | S/S consistent with hypoglycemia

Question 28

treatment for dumping syndrome

Answer 28

dietary changes and meds

Question 29

UGIB occurs where and what is it caused by

Answer 29

- occurs in esophagus, stomach, duodenum | - caused by uclers, gastric erosion, gastric/esophageal varices

Question 30

LGIB occurs where and what is it caused by

Answer 30

- occurs in colon and anorectum | - caused by IBS, ischemic colitis, anal and rectal lesions, ulcerate polyps and colorectal cancer

Question 31

S/S for GI hemorrhage

Answer 31

hematemesis hematochezia melena

Question 32

S/S treatment for GI hemorrhage

Answer 32

IV fluids, blood transfusions, management of causative factors