Breathing Patterns

Question 1

apnea

Answer 1

lack of airflow to the lungs for >15 secs

Question 2

conditions associated with apnea

Answer 2

airway obstruction
cardiopulmonary arrest
alterations of the respiratory center
narcotic overdose

Question 3

orthopnea

Answer 3

dyspnea that occurs supine

relief with sitting or standing

Question 4

conditions associated with orthopnea

Answer 4

chronic lung disease

CHF

Question 5

bradypnea

Answer 5

ventilation rate <12 breaths per minute

Question 6

conditions associated with bradypnea

Answer 6

use of sedatives, narcotics or alcohol
neurologic or metabolic disorders
excessive fatigue

Question 7

tachypnea

Answer 7

ventilation rate >20 breaths per min

Question 8

conditions associated with tachypnea

Answer 8

acute respiratory distress
fever
pain
emotions
anemia

Question 9

hyperpnea

Answer 9

increased depth of ventilation

Question 10

conditions associated with hyperpnea

Answer 10

activity
pulmonary infections
CHF

Question 11

hyperventilation

Answer 11

increased rate and depth of ventilation resulting in PCO2

Question 12

conditions associated with hyperventilation

Answer 12

anxiety
nervousness
metabolic acidosis

Question 13

hypoventilation

Answer 13

decreased rate and depth of ventilation resulting in increased PCO2

Question 14

conditions associated with hypoventilation

Answer 14

sedation or somnolence
neurologic depression of respiratory centers
overmedication
metabolic alkalosis

Question 15

biot’s respirations

Answer 15

constant increased rate and depth of respiration followed by periods of apnea of varying lengths

Question 16

conditions associated with biot’s respirations

Answer 16

elevated ICP

meningitis

Question 17

cheyne-stokes respirations

Answer 17

increasing depth of ventilatin followed by a periof of apnea

Question 18

conditions associated with cheyne-stokes respirations

Answer 18

elevated ICP
CHF
narcotic overdose

Question 19

kussmaul respirations

Answer 19

increased regular rate and depth of ventilation

Question 20

conditions associated with kussmaul respirations

Answer 20

diabetic ketoacidosis

renal failure

Question 21

paradoxic ventilation

Answer 21

inward abdominal or chest wall movement with inspiration and outward movement with expiration

Question 22

conditions associated with paradoxic ventilation

Answer 22

diaphragm paralysis
ventilation muscle fatigue
chest wall trauma

Question 23

sighing respirations

Answer 23

presence of a sigh >2-3 times per minute

Question 24

conditions associated with sighing respirations

Answer 24

angina
anxiety
dyspnea

Question 25

hoovers sign

Answer 25

inward motion of the lower rib cage during inhalation

Question 26

conditions associated with hoovers sign

Answer 26

flattened diaphragm often related to decompensated or irreversible hyperinflation of the lungs