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GI > GI Imaging > Flashcards

GI Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

What are the methods of imaging of the GI tract?

A

Ultrasound
CT
Angiography
X-rays /radiographs

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2
Q

When are abdominal xrays requested?

What are the normal go to first line imaging methods instead of plain radiographs?

A

To see position of iatrogenic items/instruments
Confirm a Ureteric stone after a CT has been done (FOLLOW UP)

First line = ultrasound or CT

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3
Q

What follow up imaging method is done if a CT scan detects a Ureteric stone?

A

X-ray

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4
Q

What is the acronym used to remember how to analyse and abdominal x-ray?

A

ABDO-X

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5
Q

What does the acronym ABDO-X for interpreting abdominal x-rays stand for?

A

A = Air
B = bowel
D = Dense structures and calcification
O = organs and soft tissues
X = Xternal objects, lines and tubes

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6
Q

Where should air only be seen in the GI system?

A

Gut lumen
Gastric bubble

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7
Q

What is the gold standard imaging method of diagnosing pneumoperitonuem?

A

CT

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8
Q

What is Rigler Sign?

A

Indicates massive pneumoperitoneum

Where the bowel wall looks crispy and clearly defined due to gas being present on both sides

Only seen in massive pneumoperitoneum

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9
Q

How do you identify small bowel on an abdominal x-ray?

A

Central
Plica circularis (run full thickness)
Contains air or fluid

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10
Q

How do you identify large bowel on x-ray?

A

Peripheral
H austral folds (dont run full thickness)
Contains air or faeces

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11
Q

Go to the last slide and look at image labelled 1:

Which image shows the large bowel and which x-ray shows the small bowel and why?

A

1 = small bowel (more central and Plica circularis

2 = large bowel (more peripheral and haustral lines)

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12
Q

What are the 2 main types of Volvulus that can obstruct the bowel?

A

Sigmoid Volvulus
Caecal Volvulus

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13
Q

How does a sigmoid Volvulus appear on an abdominal x-ray?

A

Coffee bean sign of large gas filled viscus from pelvis to epigastrium
Normally positioned caecum

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14
Q

How does a caecal Volvulus present on an abdominal x-ray?

A

No normal caecum
Normal sigmoid
Revers c shaped viscus right side

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15
Q

Go to the last slide and look at the x-rays on image 2:

What does image 1 show?

A

Caecal Volvulus

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16
Q

Go to the last slide and look at the x-rays on image 2:

What does image 2 show?

A

Sigmoid Volvulus

Coffee bean sign

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17
Q

What is Achalasia?

A

When you get impaired relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphincter

18
Q

How can achalasia be seen with imaging?

A

Barium swallow given

Bird-break or rat-tail stricture of distal oesophagus seens

Food residue in the oesophagus

19
Q

How does achalasia present?

A

Weight loss
Halitosis

20
Q

Look at image 3:

What sign does this barium swallow show and what condition does it indicate?

A

Birds beak or rat-tail stricture of oesophagus

Achalasia

21
Q

When is an endoscopic retrograde pancreatogram used?

Describe its route:

A

To see if theres any stones in the common bile duct

Oesophagus->stomach->dudoenum->ampulla of Vater->common bile duct

22
Q

What are the advantages of ultrasound?

A

No radiation
Cheap
Portable

23
Q

What is the disadvantage of ultrasound?

A

User dependant

24
Q

Look at the last slide at image 4:
What type of imaging is this and what pathology is the imaging showing?

A

Dialation and left inguinal herniation of the bowel

25
Q

What type of contrast is usually injected into the enteric system?

What type of contrast is usually swallowed?

A

Injected = iodine

Swallowed = barium

26
Q

What imaging methods are used if a patient is known to have colon cancer?

What’s it assessing?

A

CT + contrast

Measure, invasion adn metastases

27
Q

What imaging method is used to look for colon cancer?

A

CT colonogram

28
Q

What imaging method is used for staging and follow up for rectal cancer?

A

MRI

29
Q

What is visible on colonoscopy with Crohn’s disease?

A

Mouth to anus skip Edison’s
Transmural inflammation
Perianal fistulas, abcesses and fissures

30
Q

What imaging method is done for diagnosing Crohn’s disease and follow up?

A

MRI

31
Q

What imaging method is used to screen for Crohn’s disease?

A

Ultrasound

32
Q

What is a potential complication of Ulcerative colitis?

A

Toxic megacolon

33
Q

How can ulcerative colitis cause toxic megacolon?

A

The inflammation s so serve that nerve endings to the smooth muscles get paralysed
This leads to the smooth muscle staying dilated

34
Q

What imaging method can be done to check for perofration in ulcerative colitis?

A

CT

35
Q

How does a toxic megacolon appear on an abdominal. X-ray?

A

Colonic dilation
OEDMA
Pseudopolyps

36
Q

What types of obstructions and vascular issues can an abdominal x-ray detect?

A

Calcification

Renal calculi
Vascular calcification
Calcification of pancreas following chronic inflammation

37
Q

Why is barium contrast very useful?

A

Can highlight problems/anatomical variance with the stages of swallowing and a follow through which allows the contrast to pass tot he small intestine

38
Q

What is the advantage and disadvantage of an abdominal CT scan?

A

High resolution image

High dose radiation

39
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of abdominal MRI?

A

Adv:
-detailed + high contrast
-no radiation

Disadvantage:
Time consuming

40
Q

What part of the abdomen is ultrasound often used to visualise?

A

Biliary tree for gallstones and dilated bile ducts

GI (35 decks)

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