Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y2 - GI > GI Imaging > Flashcards

GI Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

What are the methods of imaging of the GI tract?

A

Ultrasound
CT
Angiography
X-rays /radiographs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When are abdominal xrays requested?

What are the normal go to first line imaging methods instead of plain radiographs?

A

To see position of iatrogenic items/instruments
Confirm a Ureteric stone after a CT has been done (FOLLOW UP)

First line = ultrasound or CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What follow up imaging method is done if a CT scan detects a Ureteric stone?

A

X-ray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the acronym used to remember how to analyse and abdominal x-ray?

A

ABDO-X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the acronym ABDO-X for interpreting abdominal x-rays stand for?

A

A = Air
B = bowel
D = Dense structures and calcification
O = organs and soft tissues
X = Xternal objects, lines and tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where should air only be seen in the GI system?

A

Gut lumen
Gastric bubble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the gold standard imaging method of diagnosing pneumoperitonuem?

A

CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Rigler Sign?

A

Indicates massive pneumoperitoneum

Where the bowel wall looks crispy and clearly defined due to gas being present on both sides

Only seen in massive pneumoperitoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do you identify small bowel on an abdominal x-ray?

A

Central
Plica circularis (run full thickness)
Contains air or fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do you identify large bowel on x-ray?

A

Peripheral
H austral folds (dont run full thickness)
Contains air or faeces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Go to the last slide and look at image labelled 1:

Which image shows the large bowel and which x-ray shows the small bowel and why?

A

1 = small bowel (more central and Plica circularis

2 = large bowel (more peripheral and haustral lines)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 2 main types of Volvulus that can obstruct the bowel?

A

Sigmoid Volvulus
Caecal Volvulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does a sigmoid Volvulus appear on an abdominal x-ray?

A

Coffee bean sign of large gas filled viscus from pelvis to epigastrium
Normally positioned caecum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does a caecal Volvulus present on an abdominal x-ray?

A

No normal caecum
Normal sigmoid
Revers c shaped viscus right side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Go to the last slide and look at the x-rays on image 2:

What does image 1 show?

A

Caecal Volvulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Go to the last slide and look at the x-rays on image 2:

What does image 2 show?

A

Sigmoid Volvulus

Coffee bean sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is Achalasia?

A

When you get impaired relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphincter

18
Q

How can achalasia be seen with imaging?

A

Barium swallow given

Bird-break or rat-tail stricture of distal oesophagus seens

Food residue in the oesophagus

19
Q

How does achalasia present?

A

Weight loss
Halitosis

20
Q

Look at image 3:

What sign does this barium swallow show and what condition does it indicate?

A

Birds beak or rat-tail stricture of oesophagus

Achalasia

21
Q

When is an endoscopic retrograde pancreatogram used?

Describe its route:

A

To see if theres any stones in the common bile duct

Oesophagus->stomach->dudoenum->ampulla of Vater->common bile duct

22
Q

What are the advantages of ultrasound?

A

No radiation
Cheap
Portable

23
Q

What is the disadvantage of ultrasound?

A

User dependant

24
Q

Look at the last slide at image 4:
What type of imaging is this and what pathology is the imaging showing?

A

Dialation and left inguinal herniation of the bowel

25
Q

What type of contrast is usually injected into the enteric system?

What type of contrast is usually swallowed?

A

Injected = iodine

Swallowed = barium

26
Q

What imaging methods are used if a patient is known to have colon cancer?

What’s it assessing?

A

CT + contrast

Measure, invasion adn metastases

27
Q

What imaging method is used to look for colon cancer?

A

CT colonogram

28
Q

What imaging method is used for staging and follow up for rectal cancer?

A

MRI

29
Q

What is visible on colonoscopy with Crohn’s disease?

A

Mouth to anus skip Edison’s
Transmural inflammation
Perianal fistulas, abcesses and fissures

30
Q

What imaging method is done for diagnosing Crohn’s disease and follow up?

A

MRI

31
Q

What imaging method is used to screen for Crohn’s disease?

A

Ultrasound

32
Q

What is a potential complication of Ulcerative colitis?

A

Toxic megacolon

33
Q

How can ulcerative colitis cause toxic megacolon?

A

The inflammation s so serve that nerve endings to the smooth muscles get paralysed
This leads to the smooth muscle staying dilated

34
Q

What imaging method can be done to check for perofration in ulcerative colitis?

A

CT

35
Q

How does a toxic megacolon appear on an abdominal. X-ray?

A

Colonic dilation
OEDMA
Pseudopolyps

36
Q

What types of obstructions and vascular issues can an abdominal x-ray detect?

A

Calcification

Renal calculi
Vascular calcification
Calcification of pancreas following chronic inflammation

37
Q

Why is barium contrast very useful?

A

Can highlight problems/anatomical variance with the stages of swallowing and a follow through which allows the contrast to pass tot he small intestine

38
Q

What is the advantage and disadvantage of an abdominal CT scan?

A

High resolution image

High dose radiation

39
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of abdominal MRI?

A

Adv:
-detailed + high contrast
-no radiation

Disadvantage:
Time consuming

40
Q

What part of the abdomen is ultrasound often used to visualise?

A

Biliary tree for gallstones and dilated bile ducts

Y2 - GI (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions