GI hormones:GLUT

Question 1

Major GI Hormones

Answer 1

gastrin ghrelin, cholecystokinin, glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), secretin, polypeptide YY, somatostatin

Question 2

Gastrin

Answer 2

Source: G-cells of gastric antrum and duodenum Function: stimulates acid (HCl) secretion from parietal cells and histamine from enterochromaffin-like cells; promotes proliferation of gastric mucosa

Question 3

Ghrelin

Answer 3

Source: A-cells of gastric fundus; other segments of GI tract; hypothalamus Function: promote food intake, gastric motility; stimulates growth hormone secretion

Question 4

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Answer 4

Source: I-cells of duodenum and jejunum; central nervous system Function: stimulates gall bladder and pancreatic enzyme secretions; decreases appetite

Question 5

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)

Answer 5

Source: K-cells of the duodenum and jejunum Function: promote insulin secretion from beta-cells of pancreas (incretin effect); FA synthesis in adipose tissue

Question 6

Secretin

Answer 6

Source: S-cells of the duodenum and jejunum also present in brain Function: stimulates the secretion of bicarbonate-rich fluids from the duct cells and biliary tract; augments the action of CCK and decreases gastric acid secretion

Question 7

Polypeptide YY

Answer 7

Source: L-cells of distal small and large intestine Function: inhibits food intake

Question 8

Somatostatin

Answer 8

Source: D-cells of the GI tract and pancreas; hypothalamus Function: inhibits secretion of GI tract hormones, growth hormone, and thyrotropin

Question 9

GI hormones obtained from proglucagon cleavage by cell-specific pro hormone convertases

Answer 9

glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2), Oxyntomodulin

Question 10

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)

Answer 10

Source: L-cells of distal small and large intestine Function: promotes insulin secretion from beta cells of pancreas (incretin effect) and promotes beta-cell growth; suppresses pancreatic glucagon secretion by alpha-cells; delays gastric emptying

Question 11

Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2)

Answer 11

Source: L-cells of distal small and large intestine Function: promotes intestinal mucosal growth and repair; inhibits gastric secretion

Question 12

Oxyntomodulin

Answer 12

Source: L-cells of distal small and large intestine Function:inhibits food intake; inhibits gastric motility and acid production

Question 13

GLUT 1

Answer 13

brain, micro vessels, red blood cells, placenta, kidney, and many other cells

Question 14

GLUT 2

Answer 14

Liver, pancreatic beta-cell, small intestine

Question 15

GLUT 3

Answer 15

brain, placenta, fetal muscle

Question 16

GLUT 4

Answer 16

skeletal and heart muscle, fat tissue (adipocytes)