Chapter 1- Imi Biochem

Question 1

Plasma membrane

Answer 1

Lipid bilayer embedded with proteins controlling influx and efflux of nutrients and chemicals; also cell-cell recognition

Question 2

Cytoskeleton

Answer 2

An array of micro filaments and microtubules in dynamic rearrangement

Question 3

Flagellum and cilia

Answer 3

Motility of cell or movement of fluids over tissues

Question 4

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 4

Internal membranes (rough and smooth) that serve as sites of synthesis for proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates; also modify and transport proteins

Question 5

Nucleus

Answer 5

Double membrane containing chromosomes (DNA) that express genes and control chemical activity of the cell

Question 6

Nucleolus

Answer 6

Site of ribosome synthesis and assembly

Question 7

Golgi apparatus

Answer 7

Packaging protein for transport from cell

Question 8

Lysosome

Answer 8

Contains enzyme degrading unwanted cellular products

Question 9

Mitochondria

Answer 9

Organelles that produce cellular energy (ATP); contain small DNA molecules (mtDNA)

Question 10

Ribosomes

Answer 10

Sites of protein synthesis

Question 11

Microfilaments

Answer 11

Long, thin filaments of actin; form and degrade in response to changes in intracellular ion concentrations

Question 12

Microtubules

Answer 12

Composed of tubulin; found in flagella, cilia, and spindle fibers used to separate chromosomes in mitosis and meiosis

Question 13

Intracytoplasmic lipid droplets

Answer 13

Sites of triacylglycerol and cholesterol esters, structurally organized by protein known as perilipins

Question 14

Rough ER

Answer 14

Synthesis of proteins destined to be exported from cell; active ribosomes bound to

Question 15

Smooth ER

Answer 15

Synthesis of lipids used intracellularly

Question 16

ER Diseases

Answer 16

Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s

Question 17

ER Stress

Answer 17

diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases (Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s)

Question 18

Ciliary Defects

Answer 18

Retinal degeneration, polycystic kidney disease, neural tube defects

Question 19

mtDNA Diseases

Answer 19

Mitochondriopathies that can be inherited can cause exercise intolerance and muscle fatigue

Question 20

Telomeres and Telomerase disease

Answer 20

Inherited disorder: dyskeratosis congenita

Question 21

Apoptosis Diseases

Answer 21

Neurological disease: ALS, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease

Question 22

DRP1 Diseases

Answer 22

Microcephaly and metabolic abnormalities

Question 23

Peroxisome diseases

Answer 23

Adrenoleukodystrophy, Zellweger’s syndrome, Refsum’s disease

Question 24

Peroxisome

Answer 24

Containing enzymes for detoxification, participate in degradation of long chain fatty acids

Question 25

Ubiquitin-proteasome system

Answer 25

Proteolysis enzyme, breaks down proteins or peptides into amino acids

Question 26

DRP1

Answer 26

Dynamin-related protein 1 used for fission of mitochondria (GTPase)

Question 27

Reactions of mitochondria

Answer 27

Respiratory chain (electron transport) and oxidative phosphorylation

Question 28

Disruption in Ubiquitin-proteasome system

Answer 28

Chemo therapy that inhibits ubiquitin-protesomal proteolysis and promotes apoptosis of rapidly growing plasma cells used to treat multiple myeloma

Question 29

Overall production of energy

Answer 29

Glucose + O2 ==> CO2 + H2O + energy

Question 30

Integrins

Answer 30

Adhesion receptors: regulate attachment, movement, growth, differentiation

Question 31

Integrin disease

Answer 31

Neoplasia, tumor metastasis, immune dysfunction, ischemia reperfusion injury, viral infections, and osteoporosis

Question 32

Bortezomib

Answer 32

Inhibits ubiquitin-proteasome proteolysis and promotes apoptosis