GI Histology Flashcards
The layer closest to the GI tract lumen is the _
The layer closest to the GI tract lumen is the mucosa
The mucosa is composed of three layers:
The mucosa is composed of three layers:
1. Epithelium
2. Lamina propria (loose connective tissue with glands)
3. Muscularis mucosae (smooth muscle)
The layer exterior to the mucosa is the _
The layer exterior to the mucosa is the submucosa
The submucosa is composed of _ connective tissue
The submucosa is composed of dense irregular connective tissue
External to the submucosa is the _ layer
External to the submucosa is the muscularis externa
The muscularis externa is composed of two different layers, the _ and _
The muscularis externa is composed of two different layers, the inner circular layer and the outer longitudinal layer
Both the inner circular layer and the outer longitudinal layer of the muscularis externa are composed of _ muscle
Both the inner circular layer and the outer longitudinal layer of the muscularis externa are composed of smooth muscle
The outermost layer of the GIT is the external layer composed of _ or _
The outermost layer of the GIT is the external layer composed of adventitia or serosa (loose connective tissue)
(Adventitia/ Serosa) is a layer of loose connective tissue with mesothelial lining from peritoneum
Serosa is a layer of loose connective tissue with mesothelial lining from peritoneum
An extra third layer of the muscularis externa can be found in _ region; its function is _
An extra third layer of the muscularis externa can be found in the stomach; its function is peristalsis
Villi are found in the _ region; function is _
Villi are found in the small intestine; function is increasing surface area for absorption
Goblet cells are found in _ regions and function to _
Goblet cells are found in small and large intestines and function to secrete mucus
Peyers patches are _ ; they are found in the _ and have _ function
Peyers patches are aggregates of lymphoid tissue ; they are found in the ileum and appendix and have immune function
Brunner glands are glands found deep in the _ layer of the _ ; they function to _
Brunner glands are glands found deep in the submucosa layer of the duodenum; they function to secrete alkaline substance
Paneth cells are found in the _ and have _ function
Paneth cells are found in the jejunum and secrete lysozyme to break down bacterial cell walls
The jejunum has large projections known as _
The jejunum has large projections known as plicae circulares
* These are spiral/circular folds that increase the surface area 2-fold for absorption
What is the function of the following?
What do these cells secrete?
Chief cells secrete pepsinogen
What do these cells secrete?
G cells secrete gastrin
Meissner’s plexus is found in the _ layer
Meissner’s plexus is found in the submucosal layer
Auerbach’s plexus is found in the _ layer
Auerbach’s plexus is found in the myenteric plexus
The hepatic lobule is hexagonal with _ situated at each point and _ in the middle
The hepatic lobule is hexagonal with portal triads situated at each point and the central vein in the middle
Arterial and venous blood flows from the _ to the _ through the liver sinusoid
Arterial and venous blood flows from the portal triad to the central vein through the liver sinusoid
(Fenestrated/discontinuous) endothelium is found in the liver
Discontinuous endothelium is found in the liver
_ cells are found in the space of disse; they make collagen during liver repair, store fat, and store vitamin A
Stellate cells are found in the space of disse; they make collagen during liver repair, store fat, and store vitamin A
Zone _ is closest to the portal triad and therefore performs the oxygen dependent processes of gluconeogenesis, cholesterol synthesis, amino metabolism, bile formation, ureagenesis
Zone 1 (periportal) is closest to the portal triad and therefore performs the oxygen dependent processes of gluconeogenesis, cholesterol synthesis, amino metabolism, bile formation, ureagenesis
Zone _ is the site of glycolysis, glycogen synthesis, and lipogenesis
Zone 3 (pericentral vein zone) is the site of glycolysis, glycogen synthesis, and lipogenesis
The lumen into which hepatocytes secrete bile is called _
The lumen into which hepatocytes secrete bile is called bile canaliculus
* This is exocrine movement
Hepatocytes play a role in immunity by producing _
Hepatocytes play a role in immunity by producing C3 complement (also Kupffer cells destroy pathogens)
What flows in this direction?
Bile
Where does the blood in the vessel come from?
25% from hepatic artery; 75% from portal vein
What is the function of this in the hepatocyte?
Peroxisome- detoxification
Villi are located in _ and function to _
Villi are located in small intestine and function to inc surface area for absorption
Goblet cells secrete mucus; they are found in _ and _
Goblet cells secrete mucus; they are found in small intestine and large intestine
Peyer patches are located in _ and _ and function to _
Peyer patches are located in appendix and ileum and function to contribute to immune response
Brunner glands are found in the _ and function to _
Brunner glands are found in the duodenum and function to secrete alkaline substance
The _ has a third layer of muscularis externa that functions in _
The stomach has a third layer of muscularis externa that functions in peristalsis
Paneth cells are found in the _ and they function to _
Paneth cells are found in the jejunum and they function to secrete lysozyme to break down bacterial cell walls
