GI Embryology

Question 1

GI development begins during week _ in the _

Answer 1

GI development begins during week 3 in the trilaminar disc

Question 2

The _ is the primitive body cavity that will become the peritoneal cavity in the abdomen

Answer 2

The coelom is the primitive body cavity that will become the peritoneal cavity in the abdomen

Question 3

The GI tract tube is formed from the _

Answer 3

The GI tract tube is formed from the endoderm

Question 4

Lateral folding of the primitive GIT happens during week _

Answer 4

Lateral folding of the primitive GIT happens during week 4

Question 5

Structures from the foregut:

Answer 5

Question 6

Structures from the midgut

Answer 6

Question 7

Structures from the hindgut:

Answer 7

Question 8

The development of the GIT involves occlusion of the gut tube from endodermal proliferation followed by _ to form the definitive hollow gut

Answer 8

The development of the GIT involves occlusion of the gut tube from endodermal proliferation followed by recanalization to form the definitive hollow gut

Question 9

If cell removal or recanalization in a region is incomplete, we can end up with a narrowed lumen, called _

Answer 9

If cell removal or recanalization in a region is incomplete, we can end up with a narrowed lumen, called stenosis

Question 10

If cell removal or recanalization fails to occur in a region and results in an obstruction, it is called _

Answer 10

If cell removal or recanalization fails to occur in a region and results in an obstruction, it is called atresia

Question 11

The distal foregut and its derivatives are supplied by the _

Answer 11

The distal foregut and its derivatives are supplied by the celiac artery

Question 12

The midgut and its derivatives are supplied by the _

Answer 12

The midgut and its derivatives are supplied by the SMA

Question 13

The hindgut and its derivatives are supplied by the _

Answer 13

The hindgut and its derivatives are supplied by the IMA

Question 14

The vitelline duct connects the _ to _ ; it is only partially closed in meckel’s diverticulum

Answer 14

The vitelline duct connects the ileum to umbilicus ; it is only partially closed in meckel’s diverticulum

Question 15

The midgut forms a loop that herniates into the umbilical cord during weeks _

Answer 15

The midgut forms a loop that herniates into the umbilical cord during weeks 6-10

Question 16

The midgut loop rotates _ degrees

Answer 16

The midgut loop rotates 270 degrees

Question 17

The rectum and proximal 2/3 of the anus arise from the widened caudal end of the hindgut called the _

Answer 17

The rectum and proximal 2/3 of the anus arise from the widened caudal end of the hindgut called the cloaca

Question 18

The most common congenital esophageal anomaly is (pure EA/ pure TEF/ EA with distal TEF)

Answer 18

The most common congenital esophageal anomaly is esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula

Question 19

How will esophageal atresia/ TEF present after birth?

Answer 19

Presents shortly after birth with:
* Persistent drooling
* Coughing or choking during feedings
* Cyanosis (secondary to aspiration through fistula)
* Other congenital anomalies

Question 20

A 3-12 week old infant with projectile nonbilious vomiting after feeding, dehydration, and failure to thrive should be evaluated for possible _

Answer 20

A 3-12 week old infant with projectile nonbilious vomiting after feeding, dehydration, and failure to thrive should be evaluated for possible pyloric stenosis
* Very common
* Most common in first born males

Question 21

An infant with pyloric stenosis will have (bilious/ non-bilious) vomiting

Answer 21

An infant with pyloric stenosis will have non-bilious vomiting

Question 22

If recanalization fails to occur completely in the duodenum we can get _ or _

Answer 22

If recanalization fails to occur completely in the duodenum we can get duodenal stenosis or duodenal atresia
* Atresia is more common

Question 23

Duodenal atresia is associated with _

Answer 23

Duodenal atresia is associated with down syndrome

Question 24

Duodenal atresia or stenosis will present with _ and _

Answer 24

Duodenal atresia or stenosis will present with bilious vomiting and epigastric distension

Question 25

Duodenal stenosis/atresia will present with _ sign on x-ray

Answer 25

Duodenal stenosis/atresia will present with “double-bubble on x-ray

Question 26

Volvulus in children is usually due to _

Answer 26

Volvulus in children is usually due to malrotation of the midgut

Question 27

Volvulus from midgut malrotation will present in the first week of life with sudden onset of _

Answer 27

Volvulus from midgut malrotation will present in the first week of life with sudden onset of bilious vomiting that is intermittent as well as abdominal distension

Question 28

_ occurs when neural crest cells fail to migrate to a segment of the GI tract

Answer 28

Hirschsprung disease occurs when neural crest cells fail to migrate to a segment of the GI tract

Question 29

_ occurs when there is failure of the herniated midgut to return into the abdomen in week 10

Answer 29

Omphalocele occurs when there is failure of the herniated midgut to return into the abdomen in week 10

Question 30

_ is a condition that arises in week 4 due to failure of fusion of the right and left anterior abdominal wall components in the midline during lateral folding; it is not covered by peritoneum-like sac

Answer 30

Gastroschisis is a condition that arises in week 4 due to failure of fusion of the right and left anterior abdominal wall components in the midline during lateral folding; it is not covered by peritoneum-like sac
* Not associated with any major congenital anomalies