GI Embryology Flashcards
GI development begins during week _ in the _
GI development begins during week 3 in the trilaminar disc
The _ is the primitive body cavity that will become the peritoneal cavity in the abdomen
The coelom is the primitive body cavity that will become the peritoneal cavity in the abdomen
The GI tract tube is formed from the _
The GI tract tube is formed from the endoderm
Lateral folding of the primitive GIT happens during week _
Lateral folding of the primitive GIT happens during week 4
Structures from the foregut:
Structures from the midgut
Structures from the hindgut:
The development of the GIT involves occlusion of the gut tube from endodermal proliferation followed by _ to form the definitive hollow gut
The development of the GIT involves occlusion of the gut tube from endodermal proliferation followed by recanalization to form the definitive hollow gut
If cell removal or recanalization in a region is incomplete, we can end up with a narrowed lumen, called _
If cell removal or recanalization in a region is incomplete, we can end up with a narrowed lumen, called stenosis
If cell removal or recanalization fails to occur in a region and results in an obstruction, it is called _
If cell removal or recanalization fails to occur in a region and results in an obstruction, it is called atresia
The distal foregut and its derivatives are supplied by the _
The distal foregut and its derivatives are supplied by the celiac artery
The midgut and its derivatives are supplied by the _
The midgut and its derivatives are supplied by the SMA
The hindgut and its derivatives are supplied by the _
The hindgut and its derivatives are supplied by the IMA
The vitelline duct connects the _ to _ ; it is only partially closed in meckel’s diverticulum
The vitelline duct connects the ileum to umbilicus ; it is only partially closed in meckel’s diverticulum
The midgut forms a loop that herniates into the umbilical cord during weeks _
The midgut forms a loop that herniates into the umbilical cord during weeks 6-10
The midgut loop rotates _ degrees
The midgut loop rotates 270 degrees
The rectum and proximal 2/3 of the anus arise from the widened caudal end of the hindgut called the _
The rectum and proximal 2/3 of the anus arise from the widened caudal end of the hindgut called the cloaca
The most common congenital esophageal anomaly is (pure EA/ pure TEF/ EA with distal TEF)
The most common congenital esophageal anomaly is esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula
How will esophageal atresia/ TEF present after birth?
Presents shortly after birth with:
* Persistent drooling
* Coughing or choking during feedings
* Cyanosis (secondary to aspiration through fistula)
* Other congenital anomalies
A 3-12 week old infant with projectile nonbilious vomiting after feeding, dehydration, and failure to thrive should be evaluated for possible _
A 3-12 week old infant with projectile nonbilious vomiting after feeding, dehydration, and failure to thrive should be evaluated for possible pyloric stenosis
* Very common
* Most common in first born males
An infant with pyloric stenosis will have (bilious/ non-bilious) vomiting
An infant with pyloric stenosis will have non-bilious vomiting
If recanalization fails to occur completely in the duodenum we can get _ or _
If recanalization fails to occur completely in the duodenum we can get duodenal stenosis or duodenal atresia
* Atresia is more common
Duodenal atresia is associated with _
Duodenal atresia is associated with down syndrome
Duodenal atresia or stenosis will present with _ and _
Duodenal atresia or stenosis will present with bilious vomiting and epigastric distension
Duodenal stenosis/atresia will present with _ sign on x-ray
Duodenal stenosis/atresia will present with “double-bubble on x-ray
Volvulus in children is usually due to _
Volvulus in children is usually due to malrotation of the midgut
Volvulus from midgut malrotation will present in the first week of life with sudden onset of _
Volvulus from midgut malrotation will present in the first week of life with sudden onset of bilious vomiting that is intermittent as well as abdominal distension
_ occurs when neural crest cells fail to migrate to a segment of the GI tract
Hirschsprung disease occurs when neural crest cells fail to migrate to a segment of the GI tract
_ occurs when there is failure of the herniated midgut to return into the abdomen in week 10
Omphalocele occurs when there is failure of the herniated midgut to return into the abdomen in week 10
_ is a condition that arises in week 4 due to failure of fusion of the right and left anterior abdominal wall components in the midline during lateral folding; it is not covered by peritoneum-like sac
Gastroschisis is a condition that arises in week 4 due to failure of fusion of the right and left anterior abdominal wall components in the midline during lateral folding; it is not covered by peritoneum-like sac
* Not associated with any major congenital anomalies
