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Gastro > GI Histo > Flashcards

GI Histo Flashcards

1
Q

space between lip, cheeks, and teeth

A

Vestibule

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2
Q

hard and soft palates, tongue, floor of mouth, and entrance to oropharynx

A

Oral cavity proper

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3
Q

What are the 3 types of mucosae in the oral cavity

A 
Masticatory: SSE keratinized or parakaratinized   
   (mucosa on gingiva and hard palate)
Specialized: SSE keratinized    
   (dorsum of the tongue)
Lining:  SSE non keratinized
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4
Q

What makes the specialized mucosa specialized?

A

Different/unique types of papillae

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5
Q

Strengthen mucosal stability of masticatory mucosa

A

Deep papillae from the underlying lamina propria

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6
Q

what is the distribution of papillae on the tongue?

A
  • Ant 2/3 tongue = filiform with scattered fungiform
  • Divides the ant 2/3 from the post 1/3—there are 8-12 circumvallate papillae in a row
  • on lateral edges of tonge: foliates
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7
Q

Papillae on tongue that does not have taste buds

A

Filiform (fount on ant 2/3—the taste buds are found in the fungiform papillae in this area, they are scattered among the filiform)

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8
Q

Papillae on tongue that is keratinized

A

Filiform and some fungiform

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9
Q

What are the cells found in taste buds?

A

Sensory, supporting, and basal

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10
Q

Predominate cell type in a taste bud

A

Sensory

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11
Q

Cells in the taste bud that synapse with afferent nerve fibers

A

Sensory

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12
Q

What are the known tastes

A

Sweet, salt, bitter, umami

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13
Q

What is umami??

A

The taste of L-glutamate in monosodium glutamate (MSG) and asparagus

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14
Q

T or F: a sensory cells has a heterogenous mixture of sensory receptors

A

F: each sensory cell contains only 1 receptor type

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15
Q

T ort F: taste buds contain a heterogenous mixture of sensory cell types

A

T

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16
Q

What type of taste is generally limited to the back of the tongue

A

Bitter

**all others are distributed all over the tongue

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17
Q

Other than the tongue where are taste buds also found?

A 
Roof of mouth
Posterior tongue
Epiglottis
Esophagus
pharynx
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18
Q

What are the major salivary gands?

A

Parotid, submandibular, and sublingual

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19
Q

Where are the minor salivary glands found?

A

CT of the cheek, tongue, and palate

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20
Q

What are the cell types in salivary gands?

A

Serous (pink) and mucous (blue)

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21
Q

What do the serious cells in salivary glands secrete?

A

Water substance with protein, amylase, and lysozyme

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22
Q

Describe the structural organization of the salivary glands

A

Acini of mucosal cells or serous cells covered in myoepithelical cells that when contracted will force secretions of acini into intercalated ducts and striated ducts

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23
Q

What is the difference between intercalated ducts and striated ducts?

A

Intercalated ducts are simple cuboidal and secrete and abs to modify secretion

Striated ducts are simple cuboidal to simple columnar and striations are caused by basal plasma membrane and aldso modify secretions
??? not too sure need to wiki

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24
Q

Aka for excretory ducts of salivary glands

A

Interlobular ducts

**do not modify secretions

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25
Q

Distinctions of the 3 salivary glands (types of acini)

A

Parotid is purely serous acini
Submandibular is mixed but mostly serous
Submandibular is mixed
Sublingual is mixed but mostly serous

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26
Q

What is a serous demilune and what gland(s) contain it?

A

In submandibular glands: serous cells forming a cap over the mucinous acini

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27
Q

Buffers content in oral cavity

A

Bicarb

**in saliva

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28
Q

Digestive enzymes present in saliva

A

Amylase and lipase

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29
Q

Role of saliva in health of teeth

A

Has protein that forms a protective film

Contains Ca and PO4 for minetalization of teeth

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30
Q

Are Abs preset in saliva

A

Yes

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31
Q

Controls mucosal movement, vascular diameter, secretion of mucosal and submucosal glands of GI tract

A

Submucosal plexus

32
Q

What are the 4 concentric layers of the wall of the alimentary canal

A

Mucosa, submucosa, musclaris externa, serosa/adventitia

33
Q

3 principal functions of the mucosal layer of the GI tract

A
  1. Secretion (lubrication and digestive enzymes)
  2. Absorption (vit, H2O, electrolytes, bile, cholesterol, important metabolic substrates)
  3. Protection: (barrier)
34
Q

Functions of submucosa of GI tract

A

Contains blood and lymph vessels, nerve plexus, occasional glands

35
Q

Functions of the muscularis externa

A

Inner circular layer contracts to compress and mix contents while outer longitudinal layer contracts to propel food
= peristalsis

36
Q

Forms sphincters along digestive tract

A

Inner circular layer

37
Q

Describe the epithelium of the esophagus

A

SSE nonkeratinized

38
Q

Contains GALT

A

Muscosa

39
Q

Contains esophageal cardiac glands

A

Mucosa (mucous glands at upper and lower esophagus)

40
Q

Contains mucous secreting tuboaveolar glands

A

Submucosa

41
Q

Contains esophageal glands proper

A

Submucosa

42
Q

type of muscle in muscularis externa in the esopagus

A

skeletal (upper 1/3) and smooth (lower 2/3)

voluntary to involuntary

43
Q

what are rugae

A

large longitudinal gastric folds that assist in digestion (mucosa and submucosa)

44
Q

What type of epithelium lines the stomach

A

columnar epithelium

45
Q

in what later are gastric glands found?

A

lamina propria of the mucosa

46
Q

forms the core of the rugae

A

submucosa

47
Q

what are gastric pits?

A

invaginations of mucosal surface into the lamina propria forming “holes” in the gastric surface

48
Q

what does surface mucosal cells produce?

A

alkaline mucous to protect stomach lining

**in large mucinogen granules

49
Q

has acidophillic granules and secrete pepsinogen

A

chief cells

50
Q

are acidophillic and secrete HCl

A

parietal cells

51
Q

what cells secrete intrinisic factor

A

parietal cells

52
Q

enteroendocrine cells secrete gastric hormones into the ____

A

lamina propria (these cells are found in the gastric glands which reside in the lamina propria)

53
Q

gastric glands secrete there secretions into the gastric lumen via the

A

gastric pits

54
Q

what cells reside in the gastric glands

A

chief cells, parietal cells, enteroendocrine cells, stem cells, and mucous cells (at the neck of the gland)

55
Q

large eosinophillic pyramidal shaped cells

A

parietal cells

56
Q

chief cells are (acidophillic or basophillic)

A

basophillic

57
Q

where are the stem cells of the stomach found?

A

isthmus (new cells will move up to become mucos cells are move down to become gland cells

58
Q

do parietal, chief cells, or enteroendocrine have a longer life span?

A

parietal (6 mos) > chief cells and enteroendocrine (3 mos)

59
Q

diff between rugae and gastric glands/pits

A

rugae are elevations that contain mucosa and submucosa whereas pita are just invaginations of the mucosa only

60
Q

what are the 4 modifications of the intestinal wall that allows it to increase surface area for absorption

A
  1. plicae circulares
  2. villi
  3. crypts of lieberkuhn
  4. microvilli
61
Q

What are plicae circulares

A

transverse folds in mucosa that have a core of submucosa (increases SA 3 fold)

62
Q

in what section of the small intestine are the plicae circulares more common

A

jejunum

63
Q

villi increase the SA ___ fold and microvilli increase SA ___ fold

A 
villi = 10 fold
microvilli = 100 fold
64
Q

Surface epithelium has indentations (arrows) that lead to

A

crypts of lieberkun

65
Q

what causes the movement of the microvilli?

A

actin contracts to contract terminal wweb and spread the microvilli

66
Q

the primary absorptive cell, found on the villi, the general surface and in the glands

A

enterocytes

67
Q

enterocytes are attached to neighboring cells by

A

tight junctions

68
Q

in the glands, the enterocytes also secrete

A

water and electrolytes

69
Q

found in the base of crypts, basal basophilia, intensely acidophilic granules in the apical region !

A

paneth cells

70
Q

what do paneth cells secrete?

A

lysozyme (digests bacterial cell wall) and other anti-bacterial surfaces

71
Q

overlie lymphatic nodules!

A

M cells

72
Q

comprise most cells in the lower half of the gland!

A

intermediate cells (stem cells)

73
Q

cells in the epi of the small intestine that can phagocytose certain bacteria and protozoa

A

paneth cells

74
Q

endocytose microorganisms and macromolecules from intestinal lumen and discharge them into the underlying lymphatic tissue

A

M cells

75
Q

stopped at pg 25

A

lamina propria of SI

Gastro (25 decks)

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