GI Drugs Flashcards by Kristin Wertin

Q

Cimetidine

A

H2 blocker
Last choice H2 blocker due to side effects: drug interactions, prolactin release –> gynecomastia, reduced libido, can cross BBB and placenta

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Q

Ranitidine

A

H2 blocker

May cause headaches

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Q

Famotidine

A

H2 blocker

May cause headaches

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Q

Nizatidine

A

H2 blocker

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Q

Omeprazole

A

PPI

Irreversibly inhibits H+/K+ ATPase in stomach parietal cells

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Q

Lansoprazole

A

PPI

Irreversibly inhibits H+/K+ ATPase in stomach parietal cells

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Q

Esomeprazole

A

PPI

Irreversibly inhibits H+/K+ ATPase in stomach parietal cells

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Q

Pantoprazole

A

PPI

Irreversibly inhibits H+/K+ ATPase in stomach parietal cells

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Q

Dexlansoprazole

A

PPI

Irreversibly inhibits H+/K+ ATPase in stomach parietal cells

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Q

Bismuth-subsalicylate (Pepto bismol)

A

Coats and provides physical protection of ulcers; antibacterial
May turn stools black

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Q

Misoprostol

A

PGE1 analog increases production and secretion of mucus and decreases acid production
Indicated for NSAID-induced ulcers
Contraindicated in women of childbearing age (abortifacient)

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Q

Aluminum hydroxide (Maalox)

A

Antacid

Side effects include hypokalemia, constipation, osteoporosis, hypophosphatemia

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Q

Calcium carbonate (Tums)

A

Antacid

May cause hypokalemia, hypercalcemia

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Q

Magnesium hydroxide (Maalox)

A

Antacid and osmotic laxative

May cause hypokalemia, hypermagnesmia, and diarrhea

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Q

Magnesium citrate

A

Osmotic laxative

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Q

Polyethylene glycol (Miralax)

A

Osmotic laxative

Q

Lactulose

A

Osmotic laxative

Q

Infliximab

A

Monoclonal antibody to TNF-alpha
Treats Crohn, UC, rheumatoid arthritis, anklyosing sphondylitis, psoriasis
Increased susceptibility to infections, malignancy, hepatotoxicity

Q

Ondansetron

A

Anti-emetic

5-HT3 antagonist reduces vagal stimulation

Q

Metclopramide

A

Anti-emetic and prokinetic
D2 receptor antagonist
5-HT3 antagonist
5-HT4 agonist
Increases Parkinsonian effects, hyperprolactinemia, tardive dyskinisia

Q

Sucralfate (aluminum sucrose sulfate)

A

Coats and provides physical protection of ulcers
Administer on an empty stomach
May reduce bioavailability of tetracyline

Q

Why are PPIs so effective?

A

Irreversibly inhibits H+/K+ ATPase
Drug is only active at low pH
Protonated drug is trapped in caniculi

Q

Treatment for H. pylori infection

A

Metronidazole + tetracyline + bismuth subsalicylate

Clarithromycin + amoxicillin + metronidazole/tinidazole

Q

Aprepitant

A

Anti-emetic

NK1 receptor blocker

Diphenoxylate

Anti-diarrheal Piperidine opioid combined with atropine to prevent abuse (can enter CNS) May cause constipation and toxic megacolon Contraindicated in severe UC

Loperamide (Imodium)

``` Anti-diarrheal Piperidine opioid Poor penetration of CNS May cause constipation and toxic megacolon Contraindicated in severe UC ```

Alosetron

Anti-diarrheal 5-HT3 antagonist Used to treat diarrhea-predominant IBS in women

Linaclotide

Stimulates secretion of chloride and bicarbonate into intestines Indicated for constipation (including IBS)

Lubiprostone

``` Opens CIC-2 chloride channel Treats constipation (including opioid-induced) ```

Naloxegol

``` Opioid antagonist (doesn't enter CNS) Treats opioid-induced constipation ```

Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)

Stimulant laxative | Promotes accumulation of water and salt in the colonic lumen and stimulates motility

Senna

Stimulant laxative | Promotes accumulation of water and salt in the colonic lumen and stimulates motility