GI Disorders of lower tract Flashcards
Increase frequency, amount, and water content of stool
Diarrhea
Increased fluid secretion/ decreased fluid absoption/ alteration in GI peristalsis are causes of?
Diarrhea
Self-limiting, viral or bacterial, or due to meds, will have cramping, fever, blood stool
Acute diarrhea
Lasting longer than 4 weeks due to crohns or ulverative colitis?
Chronic diarrhea
Infrequent passage of stools
Constipation
Low-fiber diet, inadequeate physical activity are causes of?
Constipation
Pain during bowel movement, inability to pass stool, hypoactive bowel sounds are manifesations of?
constipation
Blockage of intestinal contents in intestine
Intestinal obstruction
What causes abdominal distenstion in intestinal obstruction?
Serum electrolytes and protein increase
Foreign body, tumors, hernia, adhesions are which type of intestinal obstruction causes?
Mechanical obstructions
Neurologic impairment, infections, medications are which type of intestinal obstruction causes?
Functional obstructions
Which complications are seen with intestinal obstructions?
Perforation, pH imbalances, fluid disturbances, shock, and death
abdominal distension/ cramping, colicky pain, borborygmia, diaphoresis, tachycardia are manifesations of?
intestinal obstruction
Inflammation of the vermiform appendix, most often caused by an infection
Appendicitis
What causes ichemia, pressure increase that leads to rupture?
Local tissue edema, fluid/bacteria/pus builds inside appendix, blood vessels become compressed
Which complications can be seen with appendicitis?
Abscesses, peritonitis, gangrene, and death
Varying from asymptomatic to sudden and severe is a characteristic of wich disorder?
Appendicitis
Sharp abdominal pain develops, gradually intensifies over 12-24 hours and becomes localized to lower right quadrant is a characteristic of which disorder?
Appendicitis
What happens to appendix pain if the appendix ruptures?
Pain temporaily subsides if appendix ruptures and then pain returns and escalates
Inflammation of the peritoneum
Peritonitis
What causes peritonitis?
Chemical irritation (ruptured gallbladder), direct organism invasion
Abdominal rigidity is a classic manifesation of?
Peritonitis
Inherited, autoimmune, malabsoption disorder
Celiac disease
What does celiac result from?
Defect in the intestinal enzymes that prevents further digestion of gliadin
What causes impaired nutrient absoption in celiac?
Intestinal villi atrophy and flatten, resulting in decreased enzyme production and making less surface area
What are the manifesations of celiac?
Abdominal pain/ distenstion, bloating, gas, indigestion, weight loss
Chronic inflammation of the GI tract, usually the intestines
Inflammatory bowel disease
Insidious, slow-developing, progessive type of inflammatory bowel disease
Crohn’s disease
What are skip lesions?
Ulcerations
What is the appearance of the intestinal wall in Crohn’s disease?
Thick rigid intestinal wall, lumen is narrowed, cobblestone appearance
what happens to the intestinal wall during inflammatory bowel disease?
It loses the ability to digest and absorb
Progressive condition of the rectum and colon mucosa
The second type of inflammatory bowel disease: ulcerative colitis
What causes ulcerative colitis?
Inflammation triggered by T-call accumulation in the colon mucosa causes epithelium loss, suface erosion, and ulceration that begins in the rectum and extends to the entire colon
What is the most obvious sign of ulcerative colitis?
Diarrhea 20x a day
Chronic, noninflammatory GI condition associated with stress
Irritable bowel syndrome
What causes IBS?
Alterations in bowel pattern and abdominal pain not explained by structural or biochemical abnormalities
Does IBS cause permanent intestinal damage?
No
Who is IBS more seen in?
women
Intolerance to gas forming foods is a manifesation of?
IBS
Outwardly bulging pouches of the intestinal wall that occue when mucosa sections or large intestine submucosa laters herniate through a weakened muscular layer
Diverticula
Asymptomatic diverticular disease, multiple diverticula present
Diverticulosis
Inflammation of diverticula
Diverticulitis
Low fiber diet and poor bowel habits are causes of?
Diverticular disease
Passing frank blood is a manifesation of?
Diverticular disease
