Diabetes Flashcards
What is a group of conditions characterized by hyperglycemia?
Diabetes mellitus
What could a glucose transportation issue seen in diabetes mellitus be characterized by?
Impaired insulin production or action resulting in abnormal carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism
Which complications are seen with diabetes mellitus?
Heart disease, stroke, HTN, diabetic eye issues, kidney disease, delayed healing
Manifestations of diabetes mellitus?
Hyperglycemia, glucosuria, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphasic, fatigue
How would you diagnose diabetes mellitus?
HgA1c
What treatment is recommended for pre diabetics or patient’s with diabetes mellitus?
Diet changes, exercise, weight loss, self-glucose monitoring, meds
What type of diabetes develops when the body’s immune system destroys pancreatic beta cells?
Type 1
What is the cause of type 1 diabetes?
Unknown, autoimmune
Who is type 1 diabetes most commonly affected by?
Kids and young adults
What is the pH imbalance characterized by increased ketones in the urine caused by insufficient insulin?
Diabetic ketoacidosis
What are the manifestations seen with DKA?
High blood pressure, fruity-scented breath, confusion, thirst, kussmaul reparations
What are the most common causes of DKA?
- Underlying infection
- New onset diabetes
True or false: DKA usually resolves on its own is not a life-threatening condition
False
How do you treat DKA?
Fluids and electrolytes
What is the condition where blood glucose levels are higher than normal, but not high enough for diagnosis
Pre-diabetes
Which condition causes a HgbA1c level of 5.7-6/4
Prediabetes
What happens to glucose levels in the blood because of pre-diabetes?
Glucose levels increase in the blood because of insulin resistance
Which cells secrete immune/ inflammatory substances to impair insulin sensitivity?
Adipose cells
What does insulin resistance cause?
Hyperglycemia (high sugar destroys beta cells)
Blood sugar of 150-170 consistently
Which type of diabetes usually begins as insulin resistance?
Type 2
Which type of diabetes causes the pancreas to gradually lose it’s ability to make insulin?
Type 2
Which condition causes a HgbA1c to read as greater than 6.5?
Type 2
Which type of diabetes calls for initial management with oral anti diabetic medications, supplemental insulin when the pancreas can’t make insulin?
Type 2
Which type of diabetes is a glucose intolerance diagnosed during pregnancy?
Gestational diabetes
How many women are diagnosed with diabetes (type 2) immediately after giving birth?
5-10%
What percent of women diagnosed with gestational diabetes develop diabetes within 5-10 years?
40-60%
What do all types of diabetes affect?
The pituitary gland
