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Patho > GI Disorders 1 > Flashcards

GI Disorders 1 Flashcards

1
Q

GERD

A

gastroesophageal reflux diease

reflux of gastic secretions into esophagus

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2
Q

etiology of GERD

A

incompetent lower esophageal sphincter
hiatal hernia
dec gastic emptying

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3
Q

patho of GERD

A

reflux into esophagus

acidity causes esophageal irritation/inflam

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4
Q

CM of GERD

A 
heartburn
regurgitation
diffuculty swallowing
gastric symptoms
resp symptoms
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5
Q

complications of GERD

A

scar tissue, esophageal strictures
Barrets esophagus
pneumonia

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6
Q

diagnostic tests for GERD

A

barium swallow

esophageal endoscopy

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7
Q

treatment for GERD

A

lifestyle change

meds: antacids, carafate, meds to inc motility, meds to dec acid

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8
Q

Hiatal hernia

A

protrusion of upper portion of stomach into esophagus thru diaphragm

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9
Q

etiology of HH

A

unknown
contrib factors: structural changes, weak muscle, inc abd. pressure, hereditary, related to age, excessive lifting, pregnancy

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10
Q

types of HH

A

sliding

rolling

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11
Q

sliding HH

A

junction of stomach and esophagus above diaphragm. stomach slides thru when lies down. causes reflux, irritation of esophagus

most common

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12
Q

rolling HH

A

junction of stomach and esophagus is normal but stomach rolls up thru diaphragm and forms pocket. position causes congestion of mucosal bld flow strangulation of hernia can occur

more dangerous

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13
Q

CM of HH

A

similar to GERD- both cause GERD
heartburn, reflux
epigastric pain
difficulty swallowing

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14
Q

diagnostic test

A

same as GERD

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15
Q

treatment for HH

A 
small frequent meals
avoid tight clothes
antacids
surgery
wrap part of stomach around esophagus to prevent sliding ---- more complicated
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16
Q

peptic ulcer disease

A

break/ulceration in GI mucosa from effects of gastric secretions
breaks expose submucosa and cause autodigestion

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17
Q

risk factors for PUD

A 
6
smoking
alcohol
use of NSAIDS
caffeine
chronic disease
h pylori
18
Q

types of peptic ulcers

A

duodenal
gastric
stress

19
Q

duodenal ulcers

A

most common
80% of ulcers
excess acid

20
Q

etiology of duodenal uclers

A

h pylori

21
Q

duodenal ulcers more common in

A

men. women inc. almost evening out.

at any age. typically 35-45 y.o

22
Q

patho of duodenal ulcers

A

hypersecretion damages mucosa

inadequate secretion of bicarb

23
Q

CM for duodenal ulcers

A

chronic intermittent pain- 2-3 hours after eating when stomach is empty
heal spontaneously- recur seasonal (spring/fall)
recur in middle of night
relieved with food

24
Q

gastric ulcers

A

in stomach
equal risk for men and women
typically age 55-65

25
Q

etiology of gastric ulcers

A

h pylori, NSAID

26
Q

patho of gastric ulcers

A

inc perm. of mucosa for H ions related to duodenal reflux of bile. inc bile salts affect mucosal membrane. damages mucosa releases histamine which inc acid — more damage

27
Q

CM for gastric ulcers

A

pain in epigastrum
loss of apetite, wt loss
chronic- no pattern of remission and exacerbation (present at all times)

28
Q

complications of gastric ulcers

A

hemmorhage

perforation

29
Q

diagnostic tests for gastric ulcers

A

barium x ray
endoscopy
test for h pylori

30
Q

treatment for gastric ulcers

A

relieve hyperacidity

meds- antacids, meds to dec acid prod, abx for h pylori

31
Q

stress ulcers

A

develop from dec bld flow
form of erosive gastritis
not long term

32
Q

types of stress ulcers

A

ischemic

cushing

33
Q

ischemic stress ulcers

A

blood shunted away from GI tract. ischemia of mucosa. superficial erosions

34
Q

cushing stress ulcers

A

related to overstimulation of vagus nerve
dec bld flow
inc acid

related to head trauma, brain surgery

35
Q

CM for stress ulcers

A

bleeding bc gastric irritation

36
Q

treatment for stress ulcers

A

prophylactically
antacids
meds to dec acid prod

37
Q

true ulcers

A

gastric
duodenal

cause bleeding

38
Q

not true ulcers

A

stress

39
Q

inflam bowel disease

A

chronic recurrent inflam of intestinal tract
recurs.
period with no symptoms —> exacerbation

40
Q

etiology of IBD

A

infection agent
autoimmune
hereditary

41
Q

types of IBD

A

ulcerative colitis

crohns disease

Patho (8 decks)

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