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Patho > Endocrine 1 > Flashcards

Endocrine 1 Flashcards

1
Q

types of glands

A 
pituitary
thyroid
parathyroid
adrenal
pancreas
ovaries
testes
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2
Q

hormones

A

chemical substances
affect only target cells with receptors
initiate specific “f” or activites

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3
Q

hormone regulation mechs

A

negative feedback
positive feedback
nervous system
rhythms

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4
Q

negative feedback

A

high levels of a substance inhibit hormone synthesis/secretion

low levels stimulate

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5
Q

positive feedback

A

high levels stimulate synthesis and secretion

low level inhibit

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6
Q

nervous system (hormone reg)

A

causes release of hormones

ie epineph

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7
Q

rhythms (hormone reg)

A

hormones fluctuate, circadian rhythms

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8
Q

post pit “f”

A

ADH

oxytocin

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9
Q

ADH

A

antidiuretic hormone

regs fluid vol, causes H20 retention, dec UO, vasoconstriction (dec BP)

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10
Q

oxytocin

A

stim. contraction of uterus, lactating milk

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11
Q

SIADH

A

high levels ADH

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12
Q

etiology of SIADH

A

tumors, transient after surgery, meds, infections, pulm disease, most often hypoxia

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13
Q

patho of SIADH

A

ADH released causes H20 retention
Excess fluid volume + dilutional hyponatremia
Renin suppressed causs dec aldo and dec Na reabsorption

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14
Q

net effect of SIADH

A

hyponatremia, hypoosmolality, H20 retention

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15
Q

CM of SIADH

A 
FEWMACHS
Fatigue/lethargy
Edema
Wt gain
Muscle weakness
Abdominal cramps
Confusion/coma/Change in MS
H/A
Seizures
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16
Q

DT of SIADH

A

serum osmolarity dec
urine osmolarity inc
serum Na dec
urine output dec

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17
Q

Treatment for SIADH

A

H20 restrictions
hypertonic saline solution
if chronic, meds to inhibit ADH

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18
Q

Diabetes Insipidus

A

Low ADH or dec action

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19
Q

types of diabetes insipidus

A

neurogenic
nephrogenic
psychogenic

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20
Q

patho of diabetes insipidus

A

neuro- dec ADH leads to excretion of lrg amounts of dilute urine
nephro- ADH OK but collecting ducts arent responding

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21
Q

CM for diabetes insipidus

A 
PNIFF
Polyuria
nocturia
inc thirst
fatigue
fluid volume deficit
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22
Q

DT for diabetes insipidus

A

serum osmolarity inc
urine osmolarity dec
water deprivation study

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23
Q

treatment for diabetes insipidus

A

fluid
synthetic ADH
meds to enhance ADH

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24
Q

ant pit “f”

A 
GH
TSH
ACTH
PR
FSH, LH
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25
Q

Hypopituitarism

A

absence of 1 hormone to complete failure of all

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26
Q

patho of hypopituitarism

A

infarctions lead to tissue necrosis and edema

tumors lead to destruction of gland

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27
Q

etiology of hypopituitarism

A

infarction
tumors
infections
trauma

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28
Q

CM for hypopituitarism-general

A 
WSHDV
Weakness/fatigue
Sexual dysfunction
H/A
Dec tolerance to stress
Visual changes
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29
Q

CM for hypopituitarism- panhypo

A 
CTDGD
Cortisol deficiency
Thyroid deficiency
Diabetes insipidus
Gonadal failure
Dec GH
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30
Q

DT for hypopituitarism

A

radioimmunoassay- ID which hormones affected

31
Q

Treatment for hypopituitarism

A

hormone replacement

32
Q

Excess growth hormone

A

inc GH

33
Q

GH promotes

A

bone/cartilage growth
elev. of BG
protein synthesis
mobilizes glucose and fatty acids

34
Q

patho of EGH

A

excess causes soft tissue and bony overgrowth

35
Q

gigantism

A

before epiphyses closure

grow proportionately

36
Q

acromegaly

A

after epiphyses closure

bones grow wider/thicker/longer

37
Q

metabolic effects of EGH

A

hyperglycemia

38
Q

CM for EGH

A 
EBECO
Enlargement of bones
Back/joint pain
Enlargement of soft tissue
Cardiac probs
Overactive sebaceous/sweat glands
39
Q

DT for EGH

A

GH inc
oral glucose tolerance test- drink sol and GH inc
MRI

40
Q

Treatment for EGH

A

radiation

meds to dec GH

41
Q

Thyroid gland

A

stores iodine which is needed for thyroid hormone synthesis

42
Q

thyroxin

A

T4, 90%, converted to T3

43
Q

triidothyronine

A

T3, active form of thyroid hormone

44
Q

T3 and T4

A

together, affect metab rate, caloric requirements, 02 consumption, CHO and fat metab, growth/dev’t of brain “f” and NS activity

45
Q

calcitonin

A

produced by C cells, helps regulate Ca levels

46
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

inc TH

47
Q

thyrotoxicosis

A

hypermetab from excess hormone

48
Q

patho of hyperthyroidism

A

graves and toxic goiter

49
Q

graves disease

A

autoimmune disease
stim of thyroid with ABs against TSH receptors.
ABs stim prod of T3 and T4,
excess thyroid hormone bc acting on receptors causes thyroid storm (thyrotoxoc crisis) leads to death

50
Q

age for graves disease

A

40-50 y.o

51
Q

toxic goiter

A

cells/nodules that secrete hormone,

“f” autonomously, continue to prod excess amts.

52
Q

age for toxic goiter

A

60-70 y.o, mostly occur in women

53
Q

CM for hyperthyroidism

A 
WINSHIIP
Wt loss
Inc HR, RR, palpitations
Nervousness/excitability
SOB
Heat intolerance
Insomnia
Inc in GI motility
Protrusion of eyeballs- exopthalmus
54
Q

DT for hyperthyroidism

A

T3, T4 levels inc
TSH dec
iodine uptake test

55
Q

treatment for hyperthyroidism

A

remove thyroid followed by replacement pill
radiation
anti-thyroid meds

56
Q

hypothyroidism

A

dec production of TH

57
Q

patho of hypothyroidism- primary

A

diminished thyroid tissue causes dec TH prod.

58
Q

patho of hypothyroidism-secondary

A

dec TSH due to ant pit

59
Q

cretinism

A

infancy, stunt growth and mental retardation

60
Q

myxedema

A

adults, accumulation of hydrophilic mucopolysaccharides in dermis- puffiness around hands/feet/face

61
Q

CM for hypothyroidism

A 
DDDWWFFCIS
Dec GI motility
Dec HR
Dec libido/fertility
Wt gain
Weakness/ muscle aches
Fatigue
Fluid retention
Cold intolerance
Impaired memory
Sluggishness
62
Q

Dt for hypothyroidism

A

T3/ T4 dec
TSH depends on prob:
primary- high
secondary- low

63
Q

treatment for hypothyroidism

A

hormone replacement- synthetic thyroid hormone

64
Q

PTG

A

secrete PTH, regulates Ca levels

65
Q

hyperparathyroidism

A

excess PTH, Ca levels inc

66
Q

patho of hyperparathyroidism

A

primary- tumor
secondary- response to chronically low Ca
tertiary- hyperplasia of gland, loss of sensitivity to Ca

67
Q

CM of hyperparathyroidism

A 
FINMMK
Fractures
Insulin resistance
N/V, constipation
Muscle weakness
Metab acidosis
Kidney stones
68
Q

DT for hyperparathyroidism

A 
PTH inc
serum Ca inc
serum phosphate dec
urine pH alkalosis
bone density scans
69
Q

treatment for hyperparathyroidism

A

surgery
diuretics
meds that dec resorption of Ca from bone

70
Q

hypoparathyroidism

A

dec PTH, rare,

seen after surgery, hypomagnesium

71
Q

patho of hypoparathyroidism

A

dec PTH causes dec in serum Ca

72
Q

CM for hypoparathyroidism

A 
HDSHTML
Hyperreflexes
Dry skin
Seizures
Hair loss
Tetany
Muscle spasms
Laryngeal spasms
73
Q

DT for hypoparathyroidism

A

PTH dec
serum Ca dec
serum phosphate inc
magnesium level

74
Q

treatment for hypoparathyroidism

A

Ca supplements

Vit D

Patho (8 decks)

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