GI Cancers Flashcards
What is the name for a benign esophageal tumor?
leiomyoma
HIstological type of esophageal cancer that is more prevalent worldwide whose risk factors include chronic esophagitis, achalasia, smoking, ETOH, diet
squamous cell carcinoma
Countries with an increased prevalence of esophageal cancer
China and Iran
Common cancer in the far east (Japan).
carcinoma of the stomach
Common location for gastric polyps
antrum
What are the two subtypes of gastric polyps?
tubular and villous
Arise from smooth muscle of the GI tract. 75% are benign. Large protruding lesions with central ulcer.
gastric leiomyoma
Treatment of gastric leiomyoma
excision with 2 – 3cm margin
Histological subtype of adenocarcinomas of the stomach that presents as a deep penetrated ulcer with shallow edges. Usually transmural.
ulcerated carcinoma
Histological subtype of adenocarcinomas of the stomach that presents as large intraluminal tumors with late metastasis.
polipoid carcinoma
Histological subtype of adenocarcinomas of the stomach that is confined to mucosa and submucosa and has best prognosis
Superficial spreading carcinomas
Histological subtype of adenocarcinomas of the stomach that involves all layers of the stomach, has poor prognosis, and “leather-bottle” appearance on xray
Linitis plastica
Cancer characterized by anorexia with an aversion to meat
adenocarcinoma of the stomach
What is the treatment for gastric lymphomas?
radiation
One of the leading causes of cancer mortality. Rarely before 50 y/o. Less than 20% live longer than one year
Pancreatic cancer
Most common location for pancreatic cancer
head of the pancreas
Tumor marker associated with pancreatic cancer
C 19.9
Surgical procedure for cancer of the pancreas head only
Whipple
“Islet cell” tumor of the pancreas. Leads to hypergastrinemia and gastric acid hypersecretion
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
Laboratory test with high sensitivity but poor specificity for diagnosis of ZE syndrome
Fasting serum gastrin measurement
What are the most common causes of liver cancer?
HBV, HCV, Cirrhosis
Sx include: loss of appetite and weight, jaundice, swelling of abdomen, and painful abdomen
liver cancer
Important test for diagnosis of liver cancer
AFP (alpha fetoprotein) blood test
Extremely rare. Can present with abdominal pain, N/V, bleeding, gastric outlet obstruction
small bowel carcinomas
Imaging that is ordered for suspected small bowel carcinoma
UGI/SBFT and CT scan
About how long is it currently thought that the progression of the adenocarcinoma of colon takes?
10 years
What are the two main type of colorectal polyps?
adenomas and hyperplastic polyps
typically develop hundreds to thousands of colon polyps. colorectal cancer usually ocurrs by age 40
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
What are the recommendations for follow-up care of colorectal cancer?
Serial carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) measurements, colonoscopy one year after removal of colorectal cancer, and surveillance colonoscopy every three to five years
most important tool doctors have to determine a patient’s cancer prognosis
staging
