GI Assessment Flashcards
Correct order for examination
- Inspection
- Auscultation
- Percussion
- Palpation
RUQ
Liver, Lung, gallbladder, duodenum, R adrenal, R kidney, portions of colon
RUQ Associated Illnesses
- Liver issues
- Lower Lobe PNA
- Duodenal Ulcer
- Cholecystitis
RLQ
Appendix, ovary, kidney/ureter, ileum, ascending colon, bladder, spermatic cord
RLQ Associated Illnesses
- appendicitis
- ovarian issues
- Ectopic pregnancy
- Renal stones
- GI issues
LUQ
Spleen, stomach, Aorta, Colon, Lung, pancreas, L adrenal
LUQ Associated Symptoms
- Ruptured spleen
- Gastric Ulcer
- AA
- LLL PNA
- perf’d colon
LLQ
Sigmoid colon, ovary, kidney/ureter, kidney, bladder, spermatic cord
LLQ Associated Illnesses
- Ovary issues
- Ectopic pregnancy
- Renal stones
- GI issues
Periumbilical Associated Illnesses
- Obstruction
- Pancreatitis
- Early appendicitis
- Mesenteric Thrombosis
- AA
- Diverticulitis
Epigastric Associated Illnesses
- Peptic Ulcer
- Acute Pancreatitis
- Biliary Colic
- MI
Suprapubic Associated Illnesses
- Urinary retention
- Ruptured ectopic Pregnancy
- Ovarian Cyst
- Cystitis
General Abdominal Pain, Associated Illnesses
- bacterial peritonitis
- DKA
- Addison’s
- Hypercalcemia
- lead toxicity
- porphyria
Gallbladder
stores bile from the liver, responds to CCK from duodenum, secretes into cystic duct –> common bile duct, maintains alkaline pH in SI, emulsifies fats
Pancreas
produces digestive juices,empties into duct of wirsung (pancreatic duct, runs the length), empties into duodenum; also produces insulin and glucagon
Spleen
filters blood, manufactures WBCs
GI Changes in Pregnancy
- increased urinary symptoms
- Linea nigra
- Diastasis recti
- Striae
- Constipation
- GERD
- Gallstones
- Pyelonephritis
GI changes in Older Adults
- decreased motility
- epithelial atrophy –> decreased enzymes and protection
- Decreased liver size
- increased gallstones and cholesterol
Causes of Abdominal Distension w/o Pain
- Hypokalemia
- Hypothyroid
- Narcotics
Vertical Liver Span
6-12cm
5th intercostal space
Indicates Liver Enlargement
palpation of liver 2-3cm below costal margin
Site of Spleen Percussion
Midaxillary, slightly posterior; 6th-9th rib (if any)
HPI Abdominal Pain
-OLDCARTS
-Relationship to menstruation, urination, defecation, food or alcohol, time of day
-Stools
Medications
HPI Diarrhea
- OLDCARTS
- Associated with fevers/chills, weight loss, incontinence, certain foods, timing, stress, medications
HPI Constipation
- OLDCARTS
- Associated with diet changes, medications
Colon Cancer Risk Factors
- > 50 years
- family hx –> polyps, colon CA, FAP, HNPCC, Turcot syndrome, peutz-jeghers syndrome, MUYTH-associated polyposis
- hx of polyps, IBDs, FAP, HNPCC
- African American
- Diet low in fiber, high in red meat, processed meats
- Obesity
- smoking
- inactivity
- heavy alcohol use
- T2DM
Appropriate BMI
18.5-24.9
Obesity BMI
30 or greater
Newborn Head Circumference
33-35 cm OR 13-14 inches
