Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Assessment > CV Assessment > Flashcards

CV Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

CV Fetal Changes

A
  • Lungs are bypassed and blood is pumped through patent ductus arteriosus
  • Both L and R ventricles pump into systemic circulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

CV Newborn Changes

A
  • Closure of ductus arteriosus w/in 24-48 hours
  • Closure of foramen ovale from increased L vent pressure, causes L vent to increase in size
  • Murmurs are common in 1st 48 hours
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

CV Infant/Child Changes

A
  • year 1 = L:R ventricle ratio = 2:1
  • by age 7, the heart has reached its adult position
  • S3/S4 common
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

CV Pregnancy Changes

A
  • increased blood volume by 40-50% (70% with twins) (mostly plasma)
  • Left ventricle increases in thickness and mass
  • Increased CO by 30-40%
  • Heart is shifted horizontal with slight axis rotation
  • SVR is decreased
  • BP may be slightly decreased in 2nd tri
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

CV Older Adult Changes

A
  • heart decreases with age unless HTN/heart disease causes enlargement
  • Valves fibrose and calcify
  • Decreased SV and CO during exercise
  • Delayed contractility
  • Longer returns to normal HR; tachycardia not tolerated well
  • SA node fibrosed –> ECG changes
  • Apical impulse hard to find
  • S4 common
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cardiac Origin of Chest Pain Symptoms

A
  • substernal
  • specific and abrupt onset
  • provoked by activity/emotion/eating
  • relieved by rest/nitro
  • disappears if cause is eliminated
  • accompanied y diaphoresis
  • may awaken from sleep
  • forces patient to stop effort
  • Pain often early in AM
  • Greater liklihood in cold weather
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Signs of Pericardial Fluid

A
  • decreased heart sounds

- non-visual of apical impulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

PMI

A
  • L 5th intercoastal, MCL (adults)
  • L 4th intercoastal medial to nipple (children)
  • point at which apical impulse is most readily felt or seen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Heave or Lift

A
  • if apical impulse is more vigorous than expected

- may indicate hypertrophy, increased CO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Thrill

A
  • fine, palpable, rushing vibration; palbaple murmur

- typically found in L or R intercostal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Carotid Pulse

A

Synchronous with S1

-located medial to and below angle of jaw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Aortic Valve area

A

2nd R intercoastal at sternal border

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pulmonic Valve area

A

2nd L intercoastal at sternal border

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tricuspid area

A

4th L intercoastal at sternal border

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mitral

A

Apex, 5th L intercoastal at MCL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

S1

A
  • closure of mitral and tricuspid valves (AV)
  • coincides with beginning of systole
  • longer duration
17
Q

S2

A
  • closure of aortic and pulmonic valves (semilunar)

- coincides with beginning of diastole

18
Q

S3

A
  • passive flow of blood from atria
  • when easy to hear = S3 gallop or early diastolic gallop
  • Heard during diastole
  • ken-TUCK-y
  • MR
19
Q

S4

A
  • vigorous atrial ejection
  • vibration in valves
  • Often confused with S1 split
  • presystolic gallop
  • commonly heard in elderly pts
  • due to increased resistance to vent filling
  • TEN-nes-see
  • AS & late MR
20
Q

Mitral Regurgitation

A
  • Holosystolic
  • Plateau shaped intensity
  • high pitched
  • harsh blowing
  • may obliterate S2
  • radiates from apex to base or L axilla
  • thrill may be palpable
  • S1 diminished
  • S2 more intense with P2 accented
  • S3 present
  • S3-S4 gallop common in late dz
  • “Hand grip technique”
21
Q

Aortic Stenosis

A
  • Midsystolic Murmur
  • Coarse
  • Diamond shape
  • crescendo-decrescendo
  • L sternal border - apex
  • S1 may disappear
  • S2 soft or absent
  • S4 palpable (L vent hypertrophy)
22
Q

Murmur Grading

A 
I barely audible
II quiet, but clearly audible
III moderate
IV loud, associated with thrill
V loud, thrill easily palpable
VI very loud, without stethoscope, thrill palpable and visible
23
Q

PR interval

A

0.12-0.2

24
Q

QRS

A

< 0.12

25
Q

QT

A

< 0.48 ish

26
Q

U wave

A
  • small deflection after T wave (r/t purkinje fibers)
  • Common in bradycardia
  • Can be seen with electrolyte issues, hypothermia, hypothyroidism
27
Q

Expected Pulse Grade

A

+2 in brachial pulses bilaterally

28
Q

Normal JVP

A

3-4cm above sternal angle with HOB at 30 degrees

6-9 per presentation

29
Q

1+ edema

A

2mm, disappears rapidly

30
Q

2+ edema

A

4mm, disappears 10-15 secs

31
Q

3+ edema

A

6mm; >1 minute

32
Q

4+ edema

A

8 mm; lasts 2-5 minutes

Assessment (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions