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605 Toxicology > GI and Skin Toxicants > Flashcards

GI and Skin Toxicants Flashcards

1
Q

Difference between Primary and Secondary Photosensitization?

A

LIVER INVOLVEMENT

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2
Q

Primary Photosensitization Plants

A

St John’s Wort, Buckwheat, Smartweed

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3
Q

Primary Photosensitization

A

NO liver involvement, agent reacts with UV light at skin surface

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4
Q

Secondary Photosensitization

A

metabolite of chlorophyll that’s normally excreted in bile but will accumulate if liver is damaged, reacts with UV light in skin

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5
Q

Photosensitization Signs

A

tissue necrosis, skin sloughing, lacrimation, photophobia, erythema, pruritis

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6
Q

Photosensitization Tx

A

remove source, stay sheltered, antibiotics as needed, lots of recovery time

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7
Q

Secondary Photosensitization Plants

A

Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Plants, Lantana, alsike clover

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8
Q

Possible additional sign of secondary photosensitization?

A

icterus

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9
Q

Acute Selenium Toxicity Signs

A

depression, anorexia, weak, ataxic, dyspnea, garlicky breath

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10
Q

Selenium Sources

A

plants but also injectable tx for white muscle dz and mulberry heart dz

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11
Q

Chronic Selenium Toxicity Signs

A

“Alkali disease” = lameness, hoof overgrowth/deformation, hair loss/discoloration, bobtails from hair breakage

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12
Q

Petroleum Distillates Skin Signs

A

defat the skin –> inc. water loss –> dry, cracked, hyperemia, skin scaling; direct irritation and pain

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13
Q

Petroleum Distillate Skin Tx

A

bath and emollient, prevent self trauma and infection

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14
Q

emollient

A

lipid containing creams (return fat to the skin)

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15
Q

Arsenic Sources

A

ant poison, herbicides, Immiticide (Melarsomine), pressure-treated wood

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16
Q

Main clinical sign of arsenic toxicosis?

A

Rice water diarrhea! (bloody with shreds of mucosa)

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17
Q

Arsenic Antidotes?

A

chelators (BAL for LA, DMSA in SA) but must be given quickly

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18
Q

Why are cattle more susceptible to arsenic toxicosis?

A

people burn the pressure treated wood in their pastures and cows like the salty ashes so they eat it and then they die, RIP

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19
Q

Aspirin Clinical Signs

A

GI ulceration, centrilobular liver necrosis

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20
Q

Aspirin Tx

A

supportive care, GI protectants, cathartic if at toxic liver dose

21
Q

Poisonous Plants with Lectins (3)

A
  1. Precatory bean
  2. Castor Bean
  3. Black locust
22
Q

Toxin in Black locust tree?

A

Robin (horse eat the bark which has the highest concentration)

23
Q

Toxin in castor bean

A

ricin (don’t chew, that makes it worse)

24
Q

toxin in precatory bean

A

abrin; causes severe GI upset shock and death with very few beans (ornamental jewelry)

25
Q

Lectin Outcome?

A

multi-organ failure

26
Q

Insoluble Calcium Oxalate Plants

A
  1. Diffenbachia
  2. Philodendron
  3. Spathiphyllum (peace lily)

your waxy green houseplants!

27
Q

Insoluble Calcium Oxalate Clinical Signs

A

oral irritation, drooling, swelling of oral cavity

28
Q

Raphide

A

spiky crystals that shoot out of insoluble calcium oxalate plants when threatened, cause ouchies

29
Q

Tx for Insoluble Calcium Oxalate Crystals?

A

anything with calcium, the best solution is simply milk (can also give GI protectants)

30
Q

Buttercup clinical signs?

A

blisters! affects horses a lot

31
Q

Diterpenoid Plants (2)

A

Crown of Thorns, Poinsettias

32
Q

Diterpenoid MOA

A

white milky sap activates protein kinase C

33
Q

Diterpenoid Clinical Signs

A

mild GI upset (some vomiting), but really self-limiting

34
Q

Bulb Plant Clinical Signs

A

SEVERE gastroenteritis, vomiting, hypervolemia

35
Q

Bulb Plants

A

daffodils, tulips, hyacinths

36
Q

Trichothecenes

A

group of mycotoxins that can be found on corn, milo, wheat, rye, barley

37
Q

Trichothecenes Clinical Signs

A

dermal/oral irritation and necrosis, GI ulceration, vomiting, feed refusal

38
Q

Trichothecenes Tx

A

remove source, provide clean feed, symptomatic and supportive

39
Q

Are expanding adhesives toxic?

A

not really, but they cause a pretty nasty foreign body (ex: Gorilla glue, spray foam insulation) and are even a perforation risk (also produces heat!)

40
Q

Isocyanate

A

polyurethane adhesive with potential for foreign body

41
Q

Expanding Adhesive Clinical Signs

A

unproductive vomiting, anorexia, lethargy, abdominal distension and pain

42
Q

Expanding Adhesive Tx

A

surgical removal

43
Q

Types of Corrosive Agents

A
  1. Acids
  2. Alkalis
  3. Cationic Detergents
44
Q

Acid Corrosive Agent Lesions and Signs

A

causes coagulative necrosis of tissue; painful because nerve endings still exist

45
Q

Alkali Corrosive Agent Lesions and Signs

A

causes liquefactive necrosis which kills nerve endings so not painful and animal should continue to eat/drink/etc

46
Q

Cationic Detergent Corrosive Agents

A

disinfectants, hand sanitizer, dishwasher detergent

47
Q

Corrosive Agent Clinical Signs

A

act locally so ulcers/pain at the site, high fevers (105+)

48
Q

Should you neutralize corrosive agents?

A

NO, and never use emesis or lavage or activated charcoal either!!!!

49
Q

Corrosive Agent Ingestion Tx

A

Dilute with milk or water! GI protectant (sucralfate slurry), opioids for pain, supportive care

605 Toxicology (9 decks)

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