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Anatomy > GI anatomy > Flashcards

GI anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

where does the abdominal aorta begin

A

aortic hiatus - T12

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2
Q

what are the three major branches of the abdominal aorta

A

coeliac trunk
superior mesenteric artery
inferior mesenteric artery

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3
Q

name the foregut organs

A

oesophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas and first two part of the duodenum

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4
Q

name midgut organs

A

remainder of duodenum, jejunum and ileum, caecum, appendix and ascending colon and part of transverse colon

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5
Q

name hindgut organs

A

remainder of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and anus

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6
Q

what are the major functions of the liver

A

glycogen storage
production of bile
other metabolic functions

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7
Q

what is the anatomical relation of the gallbladder to the liver

A

posterior and inferior

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8
Q

name the lobes of the liver and whether they are anterior or posterior

A

left and right - anterior

caudate and quadrate - posterior

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9
Q

what ligament separates the left and right lobe of the liver

A

falciform ligament

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10
Q

what is the porta hepatis and what does it contain

A

entry point to liver - contains hepatic artery, portal vein and bile duct

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11
Q

name the branches of the coeliac trunk

A

splenic artery
left gastric artery
common hepatic artery

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12
Q

common hepatic artery turns to the ___ to supply the liver

A

hepatic artery proper

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13
Q

liver has a dual blood supply, name the two arteries that supply the liver

A

hepatic artery proper

portal vein

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14
Q

what are the three branches of the coeliac trunk

A

splenic artery
left gastric artery
common hepatic artery

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15
Q

the common hepatic artery becomes the ___ to supply the liver

A

hepatic artery proper

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16
Q

which two arteries supply the greater curvature and the greater omentum

A

left gastric artery

right gastric artery

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17
Q

which two arteries supply the lesser curvature and the lesser omentum

A

right and left gastro-duodenal arteries

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18
Q

the right gastric artery is a branch of the ___ artery

A

hepatic artery proper

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19
Q

the left gastro-omental artery is derived from the __ artery

A

splenic artery

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20
Q

name the two recesses of the peritoneal cavity and which sac they belong to

A

sub-phrenic recess
hepatorenal recess
both from the greater sac

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21
Q

name the vessels that drain foregut, midgut and hindgut blood into the hepatic portal system

A

foregut - splenic artery
midgut - superior mesenteric artery
hindgut - inferior mesenteric but drains into splenic artery first

22
Q

what is the function of the gall bladder

A

to store and concentrate bile

23
Q

name the duct that bile flows out of the gallbladder from

A

cystic duct

24
Q

what artery supplies the gallbladder with blood

A

cystic artery - branch of the right hepatic artery

25
Q

gallbladder pain is felt in the ___ and referred to the ___

A

epigastric region

right shoulder

26
Q

describe the ducts within the biliary tree that become the common bile duct

A

right and left hepatic duct -> common hepatic duct

common hepatic duct and cystic duct -> common bile duct

27
Q

the common bile duct joins with the __ at the ___ secreting bile into ___ via ___

A

pancreatic duct at the Ampulla of Vater secreting bile into the second part of the duodenum via the major duodenal papilla

28
Q

name the 4 parts of the duodenum

A

1 - superior 2- descending 3- horizontal 4 - ascending

29
Q

the pancreas is an intraperitoneal/retroperitoneal structure

A

retroperitoneal

30
Q

name the parts of the pancreas and describe the connection with the duodenum

A

head, neck, body, tail and uncinate process

head forms a C shape around the duodenum

31
Q

pancreatic pain is referred to the

A

back

32
Q

name the 3 sphincters that control flow of bile into the duodenum

A

pancreatic sphincter
bile duct sphincter
sphincter of Oddi

33
Q

where is the sphincter of Oddi located

A

Ampulla of Vater

34
Q

which arteries supply the pancreas and duodenum with blood - what are the branches of

A

superior and inferior pancreaticduodenal arteries
superior - branch of gastroduodenal artery
inferior - branch of SMA

35
Q

name the three parts of the duodenum and which parts are foregut or midgut structures

A

duodenum - first two parts are foregut

jejunum and ileum and rest of duodenum all midgut structures

36
Q

the ileum is thicker, more red, more vascular and more circular folds than the jejunum true/false

A

false - other way round

37
Q

the jejunum/ileum contains peyers patches

A

ileum

38
Q

which arteries supply the jejunum and ileum and what are they branches of

A

jejunal and ileal arteries - branches of the superior mesenteric artery

39
Q

what vertebral level does the superior mesenteric artery leave the aorta

A

L1

40
Q

what are the 4 main areas of lymphatic drainage in the gut and where do they all drain to

A

coeliac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric and lumbar nodes
all drain to the thoracic duct

41
Q

the abdominal aorta bifurcates into the ___ at which vertebral level

A

common iliacs at L4

42
Q

name some branches of the superior mesenteric artery (think about midgut structures)

A 
ileocolic branch 
right colic artery 
middle colic 
inferior pancreatic duodenal artery 
appendicular artery
43
Q

name some branches of the inferior mesenteric artery (think about hindgut structures)

A

left colic
sigmoid arteries
superior rectal artery

44
Q

which two arteries supply the rectum

A

superior rectal artery - from IMA

internal iliac artery - from common iliac artery

45
Q

which anatomical line separates the proximal and distal part of the rectum

A

pectinate line

46
Q

above the pectinate line name the nerve, arterial, venous and lymphatic drainage of the rectum

A

autonomic nerve supply
inferior mesenteric artery - superior rectal artery
hepatic portal drainage via IMA
inferior mesenteric nodes

47
Q

below the pectinate line name the nerve, arterial, venous and lymphatic drainage of the rectum

A

pedendal nerve supply
internal iliac artery
systemic venous drainage via internal iliac vein
superficial inguinal nodes

48
Q

what is the main muscle of the pelvic floor known as

A

levator ani muscle

49
Q

name the 3 muscles that make up the levator ani muscle

A

iliococcygeus
pubococcygeus
puborectalis

50
Q

parasympathetic innervation of the rectum is via which nerves

A

S2-4

Anatomy (9 decks)

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