GI anatomy

Question 1

where does the abdominal aorta begin

Answer 1

aortic hiatus - T12

Question 2

what are the three major branches of the abdominal aorta

Answer 2

coeliac trunk
superior mesenteric artery
inferior mesenteric artery

Question 3

name the foregut organs

Answer 3

oesophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas and first two part of the duodenum

Question 4

name midgut organs

Answer 4

remainder of duodenum, jejunum and ileum, caecum, appendix and ascending colon and part of transverse colon

Question 5

name hindgut organs

Answer 5

remainder of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and anus

Question 6

what are the major functions of the liver

Answer 6

glycogen storage
production of bile
other metabolic functions

Question 7

what is the anatomical relation of the gallbladder to the liver

Answer 7

posterior and inferior

Question 8

name the lobes of the liver and whether they are anterior or posterior

Answer 8

left and right - anterior

caudate and quadrate - posterior

Question 9

what ligament separates the left and right lobe of the liver

Answer 9

falciform ligament

Question 10

what is the porta hepatis and what does it contain

Answer 10

entry point to liver - contains hepatic artery, portal vein and bile duct

Question 11

name the branches of the coeliac trunk

Answer 11

splenic artery
left gastric artery
common hepatic artery

Question 12

common hepatic artery turns to the ___ to supply the liver

Answer 12

hepatic artery proper

Question 13

liver has a dual blood supply, name the two arteries that supply the liver

Answer 13

hepatic artery proper

portal vein

Question 14

what are the three branches of the coeliac trunk

Answer 14

splenic artery
left gastric artery
common hepatic artery

Question 15

the common hepatic artery becomes the ___ to supply the liver

Answer 15

hepatic artery proper

Question 16

which two arteries supply the greater curvature and the greater omentum

Answer 16

left gastric artery

right gastric artery

Question 17

which two arteries supply the lesser curvature and the lesser omentum

Answer 17

right and left gastro-duodenal arteries

Question 18

the right gastric artery is a branch of the ___ artery

Answer 18

hepatic artery proper

Question 19

the left gastro-omental artery is derived from the __ artery

Answer 19

splenic artery

Question 20

name the two recesses of the peritoneal cavity and which sac they belong to

Answer 20

sub-phrenic recess
hepatorenal recess
both from the greater sac

Question 21

name the vessels that drain foregut, midgut and hindgut blood into the hepatic portal system

Answer 21

foregut - splenic artery
midgut - superior mesenteric artery
hindgut - inferior mesenteric but drains into splenic artery first

Question 22

what is the function of the gall bladder

Answer 22

to store and concentrate bile

Question 23

name the duct that bile flows out of the gallbladder from

Answer 23

cystic duct

Question 24

what artery supplies the gallbladder with blood

Answer 24

cystic artery - branch of the right hepatic artery

Question 25

gallbladder pain is felt in the ___ and referred to the ___

Answer 25

epigastric region | right shoulder

Question 26

describe the ducts within the biliary tree that become the common bile duct

Answer 26

right and left hepatic duct -> common hepatic duct | common hepatic duct and cystic duct -> common bile duct

Question 27

the common bile duct joins with the __ at the ___ secreting bile into ___ via ___

Answer 27

pancreatic duct at the Ampulla of Vater secreting bile into the second part of the duodenum via the major duodenal papilla

Question 28

name the 4 parts of the duodenum

Answer 28

1 - superior 2- descending 3- horizontal 4 - ascending

Question 29

the pancreas is an intraperitoneal/retroperitoneal structure

Answer 29

retroperitoneal

Question 30

name the parts of the pancreas and describe the connection with the duodenum

Answer 30

head, neck, body, tail and uncinate process | head forms a C shape around the duodenum

Question 31

pancreatic pain is referred to the

Answer 31

back

Question 32

name the 3 sphincters that control flow of bile into the duodenum

Answer 32

pancreatic sphincter bile duct sphincter sphincter of Oddi

Question 33

where is the sphincter of Oddi located

Answer 33

Ampulla of Vater

Question 34

which arteries supply the pancreas and duodenum with blood - what are the branches of

Answer 34

superior and inferior pancreaticduodenal arteries superior - branch of gastroduodenal artery inferior - branch of SMA

Question 35

name the three parts of the duodenum and which parts are foregut or midgut structures

Answer 35

duodenum - first two parts are foregut | jejunum and ileum and rest of duodenum all midgut structures

Question 36

the ileum is thicker, more red, more vascular and more circular folds than the jejunum true/false

Answer 36

false - other way round

Question 37

the jejunum/ileum contains peyers patches

Answer 37

ileum

Question 38

which arteries supply the jejunum and ileum and what are they branches of

Answer 38

jejunal and ileal arteries - branches of the superior mesenteric artery

Question 39

what vertebral level does the superior mesenteric artery leave the aorta

Answer 39

L1

Question 40

what are the 4 main areas of lymphatic drainage in the gut and where do they all drain to

Answer 40

coeliac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric and lumbar nodes all drain to the thoracic duct

Question 41

the abdominal aorta bifurcates into the ___ at which vertebral level

Answer 41

common iliacs at L4

Question 42

name some branches of the superior mesenteric artery (think about midgut structures)

Answer 42

``` ileocolic branch right colic artery middle colic inferior pancreatic duodenal artery appendicular artery ```

Question 43

name some branches of the inferior mesenteric artery (think about hindgut structures)

Answer 43

left colic sigmoid arteries superior rectal artery

Question 44

which two arteries supply the rectum

Answer 44

superior rectal artery - from IMA | internal iliac artery - from common iliac artery

Question 45

which anatomical line separates the proximal and distal part of the rectum

Answer 45

pectinate line

Question 46

above the pectinate line name the nerve, arterial, venous and lymphatic drainage of the rectum

Answer 46

autonomic nerve supply inferior mesenteric artery - superior rectal artery hepatic portal drainage via IMA inferior mesenteric nodes

Question 47

below the pectinate line name the nerve, arterial, venous and lymphatic drainage of the rectum

Answer 47

pedendal nerve supply internal iliac artery systemic venous drainage via internal iliac vein superficial inguinal nodes

Question 48

what is the main muscle of the pelvic floor known as

Answer 48

levator ani muscle

Question 49

name the 3 muscles that make up the levator ani muscle

Answer 49

iliococcygeus pubococcygeus puborectalis

Question 50

parasympathetic innervation of the rectum is via which nerves

Answer 50

S2-4