Cardiovascular

Question 1

what surrounds the heart

Answer 1

pericardium

Question 2

what are the two main layers of the pericardium

Answer 2

fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium

Question 3

the serous pericardium divides into which two layers

Answer 3

visceral serous pericardium surrounding the heart

parietal serous pericardium surrounding the fibrous pericardium/body wall

Question 4

the pericardial cavity is between which two layers

Answer 4

parietal serous pericardium and visceral serous pericardium

Question 5

where is a pericardiocentesis needle inserted

Answer 5

at infrasternal/subcostal angle

Question 6

what is the first branch of the aorta

Answer 6

coronary arteries

Question 7

the coronary arteries leave the aorta via

Answer 7

aortic sinus

Question 8

the right coronary artery supplies __ and branches into __

Answer 8

right side of the heart
branches into right marginal artery and posterior interventricular artery which supplies the posterior medial section of the heart

Question 9

the left coronary artery branches into __ which supply ___

Answer 9

left anterior descending supplying the anterior section of heart
left circumflex artery which moves laterally and supplies the back of the left side
LAD can branch into the left marginal artery suppling the lateral aspect of the heart

Question 10

coronary venous blood is drained into ___ before going into the RA

Answer 10

coronary sinus

Question 11

the depression in the RA is known as

Answer 11

fossa ovale - remnants of the foramen ovale

Question 12

what are the three cusps of the tricuspid valve called

Answer 12

anterior, posterior and septal cusps

Question 13

what are the two cusps of the mitral valve called

Answer 13

anterior and posterior cusps

Question 14

muscle allowing the closure of heart valves is ___ which are attached to __

Answer 14

papillary muscles attached to chordae tendinae

Question 15

where is the aortic valve auscultated

Answer 15

2nd intercostal space on the right sternal edge

Question 16

where is the pulmonary valve auscultated

Answer 16

2nd intercostal space on the left sternal edge

Question 17

where is the tricuspid valve auscultated

Answer 17

4th intercostal space on the left sternal edge

Question 18

where is the mitral valve auscultated

Answer 18

5th intercostal space mid clavicular line

Question 19

sympathetic nerves leave the spinal cord via

Answer 19

T1-L2/3

Question 20

parasympathetic innervation of the heart is via

Answer 20

CNX - vagus nerve

Question 21

what are the three branches of the arch of the aorta

Answer 21

brachiocephalic trunk
left common carotid artery
left subclavian artery

Question 22

what does the brachiocephalic trunk bifurcate into

Answer 22

right common carotid artery

right subclavian artery

Question 23

name some branches of the thoracic aorta

Answer 23

pericardial arteries
oesophageal arteries
bronchial arteries
mediastinal arteries

Question 24

what are the two main groups of lymph nodes supplying the lung

Answer 24

tracheo-bronchial lymph nodes near bifurcation of trachea

bronchopulmonary nodes at main bronchus and lung root

Question 25

right lymphatic duct drain into the ___

Answer 25

right venous angle

Question 26

thoracic duct drains into the __

Answer 26

left venous angle

Question 27

what is the surface anatomy for the left venous angle

Answer 27

left sternoclavicular joint

Question 28

the venous angle is between which two veins

Answer 28

internal jugular vein and subclavian vein

Question 29

out of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, phrenic and vagus nerve, which is the most lateral and which is the most medial

Answer 29

phrenic - most lateral
vagus - between the two
recurrent laryngeal - medial

Question 30

give some examples of central veins

Answer 30

IVC, SVC, internal jugular, brachiocephalic vein, iliac and femoral veins

Question 31

to which side of the body does the SVC lie when compared to the aorta

Answer 31

to the right of the aorta

Question 32

the SVC branches into

Answer 32

left and right brachiocephalic veins

Question 33

the left and right brachiocephalic veins branch into

Answer 33

internal jugular vein and subclavian vein

Question 34

the common carotid artery bifurcate into the

Answer 34

internal and external carotid arteries

Question 35

the phrenic nerve is supplied from

Answer 35

C3, 4, 5

Question 36

if there is pathology near the heart/diaphragm pain will be referred to __

Answer 36

left shoulder