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Anatomy > GI Anatomy > Flashcards

GI Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 Extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Gengioglossus
Hypoglossus
Palatoglossus
Styloglossus

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2
Q

What Cranial Nerve innervates the tongue muscles?

A

CNXII hypoglossal

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3
Q

What muscle closes the lips to prevent drooling?

A

Orbicularis Oris

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4
Q

Where does the oesophagus begin?

A

Vertebral level C6

Inferior edge of cricopharyngeus muscle

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5
Q

Where in the abdomen does the stomach lie?

A

Left hypochondrium
Epigastric
Umbilicus

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6
Q

What is the superior part of the stomach called?

A

Fundus

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7
Q

What is the first part of the stomach?

A

The cardia

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8
Q

What are the folds in the stomach called?

A

Rugae

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9
Q

What are the sections of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

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10
Q

What are the parts of the colon?

A 
Caecum 
Appendix 
Ascending 
Transverse 
Descending 
Sigmoid
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11
Q

What organs make up the foregut?

A

Oesophagus to mid-duodenum
Liver and gall bladder
Spleen
1/2 pancreas

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12
Q

What organs make up the midgut?

A

Mid duodenum to proximal 2/3 Transverse colon

1/2 pancreas

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13
Q

What organs make up the hindgut?

A

Distal 1/3 transverse colon to proximal half of anal canal

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14
Q

What are the muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A

Recurs abdominals
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transverse abdominus

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15
Q

What are intraperitoneal organs?

A

Almost completely covered in visceral peritoneum

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16
Q

What are organs with a mesentery?

A

Organs are covered in visceral peritoneum which wraps behind the organ forming a double layer- mesentery

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17
Q

What is a retroperitoneal organ?

A

Only has visceral peritoneum on its anterior side.

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18
Q

What is the omentum?

A

Double layer of peritoneum passing from stomach to adjacent organs.

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19
Q

What is the omental foramen?

A

Where the greater and lesser sacs communicate (foramen of Winslow)

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20
Q

What is the pouch found in the pelvic organs of the male called?

A

Rectovesical pouch

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21
Q

What are the 2 pouches in the pelvic cavity of the female called?

A

Vesicouterine pouch

Rectouterine (pouch of Douglas) pouch

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22
Q

What is ascites?

A

Collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

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23
Q

What are common causes of ascitis?

A

Cirrhosis

Portal hypertension

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24
Q

How would fluid from the abdomen be drained?

A

Abdominocentesis

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25
Q

In what region does foregut pain tend to be felt?

A

Epigastric region

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26
Q

In what region does midgut pain tend to be felt?

A

Umbilical region

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27
Q

In what region does hindgut pain tend to be felt?

A

Pubic region

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28
Q

What is jaundice?

A

Yellowing of the eyes and skin caused by an increase in levels of bilirubin.

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29
Q

What is bilirubin?

A

A normal by-product of the breakdown of RBCs.

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30
Q

What is the role of the gall bladder?

A

Important in storage and concentration of bile.

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31
Q

What is bile for?

A

Normal absorption of fats from the small intestine

32
Q

What are the 4 anatomical lobes of the lives?

A

Right
Left
Quadrate
Caudate

33
Q

What is the portal hepatis?

A

The site of entrance for the portal triad structures.

34
Q

What do the 8 functional segments allow for surgically?

A

Segmentectomy

35
Q

What does each liver segment have? (4)

A

Branch of hepatic artery
Branch of hepatic portal vein
Bile drainage to bile duct
Venous drainage to IVC

36
Q

What is contained within the portal triad?

A

Hepatic portal vein
Hepatic artery proper
Bile duct

37
Q

What does the coeliac trunk trifurcate into?

A

Splenic artery
Left gastric artery
Common hepatic artery

38
Q

What are the major blood supply to the stomach?

A

Right and left gastric arteries

39
Q

What are the minor blood supplies to the stomach?

A

Right and left gastro-omental arteries

40
Q

Where does the livers blood supply come from?

A

Right and left hepatic arteries (branches of the hepatic artery proper)
Hepatic portal vein

41
Q

What are the 2 recesses within the greater sac?

A 
Hepatorenal recess (Morrison’s pouch)
Subphrenic recess
42
Q

What forms the hepatic portal vein?

A

Splenic vein

Superior mesenteric vein

43
Q

What is the function of the gallbladder?

A

To store and concentrate bile

44
Q

What makes up the cystohepatic triangle of Calot?

A

Cystic artery
Cystic duct
Common hepatic duct

45
Q

What is the surgical term for removal of the gallbladder?

A

Cholecystectomy

46
Q

What forms the common hepatic duct?

A

The left and right hepatic ducts

47
Q

What forms the common bile duct?

A

Common hepatic duct

Bile duct

48
Q

Where does the bile duct and pancreatic duct drain into?

A

The 2nd part of the duodenum

49
Q

What are the 4 parts of the duodenum?

A

Superior
Descending
Horizontal
Ascending

50
Q

Where does the duodenum begin and end?

A

The pyloric sphincter

The Duodenojejunal flexure

51
Q

What are the parts of the pancreas?

A

Head
Neck
Body
Tail

52
Q

What are the exocrine functions of the pancreas?

A

Acinar cells release digestive enzymes into the main pancreatic duct.

53
Q

What are the endocrine functions of the pancreas?

A

Islets of langerhan release insulin and glucagon into the blood stream.

54
Q

What structures form the Ampulla of Vater?

A

Bile duct and the main pancreatic duct

55
Q

Where does bile enter into the duodenum?

A

The major duodenal papilla

56
Q

What is the minor duodenal papilla?

A

Where the accessory pancreatic duct drains into

57
Q

What sphincter controls bile movement into the duodenum?

A

Sphincter of Oddi

58
Q

What is an ERCP?

A

Investigation of biliary tree and pancreas

59
Q

What can cause obstructions of the biliary tree, leading to jaundice?

A

Gallstones

Carcinoma at pancreas head

60
Q

What is the arterial blood supply of the jejunum and ilium?

A

The superior mesenteric arteries via the jejunal and ileal arteries.

61
Q

What the venous drainage of the jejunum and ilium?

A

The jejunal and ileal veins to the superior mesenteric vein and hepatic portal vein.

62
Q

What do the celiac lymph nodes drain?

A

Foregut organs

63
Q

What do the superior mesenteric lymph nodes drain?

A

Midgut organs

64
Q

What do inferior mesenteric lymph nodes drain?

A

Hindgut organs

65
Q

What do lumbar lymph nodes drain?

A

Kidneys
Posterior abdo wall
Pelvis
Lower limbs

66
Q

Where are the venous angles?

A

Between subclavian and internal jugular veins

67
Q

Where are the Paracic gutters?

A

Between the lateral edge of the ascending and descending colon and abdominal wall.

68
Q

What is McBurney’s point?

A

Corresponds to the appendiceal orrifce in the posteromedial wall of the ceacum.

69
Q

What does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into?

A

The common iliacs

70
Q

What supplies the rectum and anal canal?

A

Superior rectal artery

71
Q

What venous system drains the foregut structures?

A

Splenic vein

72
Q

What vein drains the midgut structures?

A

Superior mesenteric artery

73
Q

What veins drains the hindgut structures?

A

Inferior mesenteric vein

74
Q

What can cause portal hypertension?

A 
Liver pathology (cirrhosis)
Tumour compressing the HPV
75
Q

What is haematemesis?

A

Vommiting up blood

Anatomy (9 decks)

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