GI Anatomy

Question 1

location of the stomach (positionally in the body)

Answer 1

superiorly by the inferior thoracic aperture
inferiorly by the pelvic inlet

Question 2

what is superior to the gastrointestinal system

Answer 2

inferior thoracic aperture

Question 3

what is inferior to the GI system

Answer 3

pelvic inlet

Question 4

wha are the 9 layers of the abdomen

Answer 4

1. skin
2. superficial fasci
3. superficial fascia
4. external oblique
5. internal obliques
6. transverse abdominis
7. tranversalis facia
8. extraperitoneal fascia/fat
9. parietal peritoneum

Question 5

what are the layers of the superficial fascia

Answer 5

fascia lata
linea alba
fundiform ligament and vulva

Question 6

what does the internal oblique do

Answer 6

contributes to the rectus sheath and linea alba
fibers run superomedially (perpendicular to external oblique)

Question 7

what is the direction of the internal oblique

Answer 7

fibers run superomedially which is perpendicular to the external oblique

Question 8

what is the tranversus abdominus

Answer 8

the deepest layer of the abdominal muscle
contributes to the rectus sheath

Question 9

what is the tranversalis facia

Answer 9

separates the muscular layer from the peritoneum

Question 10

what surgeries are below the arcuate line

Answer 10

hernias, surgical incisions, vascular considerations

Question 11

what are the superficial arteries of the abdominal wall

Answer 11

musculophrenic artery
superficial epigastric and circumflex iliac arteries

Question 12

what do the superficial arteries of the abdominal wall supply

Answer 12

they are the main supply to skin and superficial fascia

Question 13

where does the musuclophrenic artery orginiate

Answer 13

branch of the internal thoracic

Question 14

where do the superficial epigastric and circumflex iliac artery originate

Answer 14

femoral artery

Question 15

what are the deep arteries of the abdominal wall

Answer 15

superior epigastric artery
intercostal, lumbar, and subcostal arteries
inferior epigastric

Question 16

what are the branches of the inferior epigastric artery

Answer 16

deep circumflex and external iliac arteries

Question 17

what supplies the superior portion of the deep abdomen

Answer 17

superior epigastric artery

Question 18

what supplies the lateral and posterior portions of the deep abdominal wal

Answer 18

intercostal, lumbar, and subcostal arteries

Question 19

what supplies the inferior portion of the deep abdominal wall

Answer 19

inferior epigastric artery

Question 20

what lymph nodes are above the umbilicus

Answer 20

mostly axillary
some parasternal

Question 21

what lymph nodes are below the umbilicus

Answer 21

superficial inguinal modes

Question 22

what organs are intraperitoneal

Answer 22

stomach
spleen
first and fourth parts of the duodenum
jejunum
ileum
transverse
sigmoid colon

Question 23

what organs are retroperitoneal

Answer 23

aorta
esophagus
second and third parts of the duodenum
ascending and descending colon
pancreas
kidneys
ureters
adrenal glands

Question 24

what are the two divisions of the peritoneal cavity

Answer 24

greater sac
lesser sac (omental bursa)

Question 25

what is the greater sac

Answer 25

extends from diaphragm to pelvis

Question 26

what is the lesser sac

Answer 26

behind stomach and lesser omentum

Question 27

what connects the greater and lesser omentum

Answer 27

omental foramen

Question 28

what is arteries are apart of the celiac trunk

Answer 28

common hepatic left gastric splenic

Question 29

what is considered the foregut

Answer 29

esophagus stomach liver gallbladder bile ducts pancreas proximal duodenum

Question 30

what is considered the midgut

Answer 30

lower duodenum jejunum ileus cecum appendix ascending colon proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon

Question 31

what artery supplies the midgut

Answer 31

superior mesenteric artery

Question 32

what artery supplies the hindgut

Answer 32

inferior mesenteric artery

Question 33

what is considered the hindgut

Answer 33

the distal 1/3 of the transverse colon descending colon sigmoid colon rectum upper anal canal

Question 34

what are the parts of the stomach

Answer 34

cardia fundus body pylorus

Question 35

what is the pylorus

Answer 35

antrum and canal with sphincter and orifice

Question 36

what supplies the lesser curvature

Answer 36

left gastric artery -- direct branch of celiac trunk right gastric artery -- branch of hepatic artery

Question 37

what supplies the greater curvacture

Answer 37

left gastro-omental artery -- branch of splenic artery right gastro-omental -- branch of gastroduodenal of the common hepatic

Question 38

what supplies the fundus/upper stomach

Answer 38

short gastric arteries -- branches of splenic artery

Question 39

what makes up the small intestine

Answer 39

duodenum jejunem ileum

Question 40

what are the sections of the duodenum

Answer 40

superior descending inferior ascending

Question 41

what is the blood supply to the duodenum

Answer 41

common hepatic -- pancreaticoduodenal artery and the gastroduodenal artery, and the jejunal artery

Question 42

what artery supplies the jejunum

Answer 42

jejunal artery (branch of the SMA)

Question 43

what artery supplies the ileum

Answer 43

ileal artery (branch of the SMA)

Question 44

what artery supplies the cecum and appendix

Answer 44

cecal artery (branch of the SMA)

Question 45

what is the blood supply to the large intestine (colon)

Answer 45

SMA IMA margina artery

Question 46

what are the left and right paracolic gutters

Answer 46

peritoneal recesses located between the ascending and descending colon and the abdominal wall

Question 47

what arteries supply the rectum

Answer 47

IMA internal iliac pudendal arteries

Question 48

what is found on the posterior surface of the liver

Answer 48

left/right/caudate/quadrate lobes renal, gastric, esophageal, and colic impressions left and right hepatic duct = common duct

Question 49

what is found in the gallbladder

Answer 49

neck body fundus ducts = cystic duct which merges with common hepatic duct to become bile duct

Question 50

what is the aterial supply to the liver

Answer 50

common hepatic artery

Question 51

what is the arterial supply to the gallbladder

Answer 51

cystic artery (branch of the common hepatic artery)

Question 52

what are the parts of the pancreas

Answer 52

head, neck, body, tail main and accessory pancreatic ducts

Question 53

what is the arterial supply to the pancreas

Answer 53

splenic, common hepatic, and SMA

Question 54

where is the spleen located

Answer 54

under the diaphragm at rib 9 and 10

Question 55

what is the spleen made of

Answer 55

red and white pulp

Question 56

what is the arterial supply to the spleen

Answer 56

splenic artery

Question 57

what does the left renal vein supply

Answer 57

kidney adrenal gland gonads

Question 58

what do the common iliac veins supply

Answer 58

lower limb pelvis peritoneum

Question 59

what is apart of the hepatic portal system

Answer 59

intestines spleen pancreas gallbladd

Question 60

what is the portocaval anastomoses

Answer 60

inferior esophagus superior rectum beds are drained by systemic vessels

Question 61

what is the autonomic innervation of abdominal organs

Answer 61

paravertebral and prevertebral plexus

Question 62

what is the sympathetic innervation of the abdominal organs

Answer 62

splanchnic nerves

Question 63

what are the splanchnic nerves

Answer 63

greater, lesser, least, and lumbar

Question 64

what are the parasympathetic innervation of the abdominal organs

Answer 64

vagus and the pelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 65

what supplies the foregut with innervation

Answer 65

celiac plexus

Question 66

what is the celiac plexus

Answer 66

receives fibers from the greater and lesser splanchnic nerves and vagus nerves

Question 67

what is apart of the aortic plexus

Answer 67

superior mesenteric plexus - midgut inferior mesenteric plexus - hindgut

Question 68

what does the superior mesenteric plexus receive information from

Answer 68

receives fibers from the lesser and the least splanchnic nerves and vagus nerve

Question 69

what does the inferior mesenteric plexus receive information from

Answer 69

receives fibers from the lumbar and splanchnic nerves and pelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 70

what does the hypogastric plexus supply

Answer 70

pelvic organs

Question 71

what does the hypogastric plexus do

Answer 71

connects abdominal autonomic system to the pelvic ANS

Question 72

what dermatomes are in the abdominal region

Answer 72

T7 - L1