Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy > Cardiology Anatomy > Flashcards

Cardiology Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is a pericardiocentesis

A

A needle draining excess fluid in the pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is the heart housed in the mediastinum?

A

Heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the portions of the mediastinum

A

Superior
Inferior
Anterior
Middle
Posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What portion of the mediastinum is directly in fron t of the heart

A

anterior mediastinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the pericardium

A

Fibrous and very tough
Forms a pericardial sac with fibrous and serous layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the layers in the serous pericardium

A

parietal and visceral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Visceral pericardium

A

attached directly to heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Parietal pericardium

A

lines the fibrous pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What else does the mediastinum house

A

thymus
vena cava
aorta
trachea
heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What senses the pain in the pericardium

A

phrenic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What senses pain in the heart muscle

A

T2-T4 spinal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the reason for radiating pain in a myocardial infarction

A

Spinal nerves along the dermatomes; T2-T4; along the left shoulder, arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the surfaces of the heart

A

anterior/sternocostal
inferior/diaphragmatic
L pulmonary
R pulmonary
base
apex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the sulci of the heart

A

Coronary
Anterior interventricular
Posterior interventricular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the base of the heart house

A

atria and proximal part of the great veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the coronary sulci do

A

separates the atria from the ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the anterior interventricular sulci do

A

between the two ventricles
contains the great cardiac vein and anterior intraventricular artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the posterior interventricular sulci house

A

middle cardiac vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Blood flow through the house

A

SVC/IVC
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Semilunar Valve
Pulmonary trunk
Pulm arteries
Lungs
Pulm Veins
Left atrium
bicuspid valve
Left ventricle
Semilunar valve
Aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the purpose of the auricle

A

Increases surface area and acts as a blood reservoir to help improve contraction
Blood clots are also commonly formed here due to the blood reservoir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Importance of pectinate

A

Muscles in the wall of the right atrium, helps with contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the fossa ovalis

A

RIGHT ATRIUM
embryologic remnant, closes when we are born
in utero allows for fetuses to bypass the undeveloped lungs
common cause of a stroke in people with PFO’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is responsible for anchoring the tricuspid valve

A

Chordae tendinea attach to the heart via papillary muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What gets damaged in an MI

A

papillary muscles causing damage to valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what are the differences between tricuspid and semilunar valves
there is papillary muscle or chordae tendinae or trabeculae carnea
26
what is the function of trabeculae carinae
muscles that help with contraction of the ventricles
27
what is the conus arteriosus
an area near the pulmonary trunk/semilunar valve where there is no trabeculae carniae this allows the blood flow to slow down which is important for the lungs if blood were to be sped up, then could cause an increase in pressure
28
tetralogy of fallot
a heart disease that children are born with mispositioned arteries, the conus arteriosus is not positioned correctly which means there is a narrow area before the semilunar valve --> increased in blood pressure going into the lungs
29
where does oxygenated blood come into the heart
pulmonary veins to the left atrium
30
what is different about the left auricle from the right auricle
it is smoother than the right atrium
31
where is the foramen ovale
left atrium the area on the other side of the remnant of fossa ovale
32
where is the mitral valve
between the left atrium and left ventricle
33
why is the left ventricle thicker than right ventricle
needed to be thicker, so that there is an increased in pressure to pump the blood throughout the body
34
where do aortic arteries begin
the aortic valve cusps
35
how are valves supported
chordae tendineae and cardiac skeleton rings are connected to themselves by trigones
36
what serves as the point of attachment for te valves
fibrous rings and trigones
37
where does the right coronary artery originate from
aortic sinus (opening of the semilunar valve)
38
what are the branches of the right coronary artery
right marginal artery posterior interventricular branch of RCA sinu-atrial nodal branch of RCA
39
what does the sinu-atrial nodal branch of RCA supply
supplies the SA node with blood (therefore oxygen)
40
what does the right coronary artery supply
R atrium and venricle SA and AV nodes interatrial septum portion of the L atrium posteroinferior one third of the interventricular septum posterior portion part of the L ventricle
41
what does the left coronary artery supply
most of the L atrium and L ventricle most of the interventricular septum including AV bundles and its branches
42
what are the branches of the left coronary artery
circumflex branch of LCA anterior interventricular branch of LCA diagonal branch of anterior interventricular branch
43
what is the widow maker
anterior interventricular branch of LCA
44
what is another name for the interventricular branch of LCA
LAD
45
what happens if there is a block in the LAD
no blood to the left ventricle, essentially no blood to the whole body
46
how do you know if someone is right or left heart dominant
where the posterior descending artery comes off from
47
right heart dominant
PAD comes off the right coronary artery
48
left heart dominant
PAD comes off the left coronary artery
49
how many people are left heart dominant
10-15%
50
codominant heart
the PDA is attached to both, and comes off the left circumflex artery
51
how does the anterior part of the heart drain
interventricular and great cardiac veins travel posterioly to the cardiac sinus right marginal vein becomes small cardiac vein and drops into the coronary sinus
52
how does the posterior part of the heart drain
the posterior, small, and middle cardiac veins drain into the coronary sinus
53
where is the SA node
found at the junction of the SVC and the right atrium
54
where is the AV node found
located near the coronary sinus within the AV septum continuous with the AV bundle
55
where is the AV bundle
travels along the intraventricular septum into the L and R bundle branches
56
where are the purkinje fibers
spread out across the bottom portion of the L and R ventricles which spreads down through the bottom of the heart
57
where does the heart get sympathetic stimulation from
sympathetic trunk
58
where does the heart get parasympathetic input from
vagus nerve
59
what effects do the sympathetic trunk have on the heart
increases HR and contractability
60
what is the function of cardiac baroreceptors
sense arterial stretch and regulate blood pressure when activated, send signals to the medulla
61
what nerve innervates the aortic arch
CNX - vagus nerve
62
what nerve innervates the carotid sinus
CN IX - hypoglossal
63
what do baroreceptors help prevent
orthostatic hypotension when someone is standing, the baroreceptors stop firing because gravity is changing the blood pressure, and sympathetic nervous system takes over as we get older this system does not work as well
64
what is a common cause of orthostatic hypotension
dehydration
65
what are the three layers of the heart wall
epicardium myocardium endocardium
66
what is the epicardium
visceral layer of pericardium
67
what is the myocardium
circular or spiral bundles of contractile cardiac muscle cells
68
what is the endocardium
innermost layer, continuous with endothelial lining of blood vessels
69
where are gap junctions and intercalated discs
myocardium
70
what allows the heart to be a functional synctium
intercalated discs
71
what are intercalated discs
connecting junctions between cardiac cells that contain desmosomes and gap junctions
72
what are desmosomes
hold cells together, preventing cells from separating during contraction
73
what are gap junctions
allows ions to pass from cell to cell; electrically couple adjacent cells
74
what is the main ion that is responsible for stimulating heart muscle
calcium

Anatomy (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions