GI accessory organs pancrease and liver.

Question 1

Acinar cells are highly effective at what function?

Answer 1

Protein synthesis creating digestive enzymes.

Question 2

Duct cells of the pancreas effectivlely carry out what function?

Answer 2

Primarily secrete fluid and bicarbonate.

Question 3

Goblet cels specialize in secretion of what?

Answer 3

Mucus through mucin synthesis.

Question 4

Describe the path that Pancreatic enzymes take during secretion.

Answer 4

Pancreatic enzymes are secreted from the pancreaatic duct into the common bile duct.

They then will pass through the sphincter of Oddi into the duodenum.

Question 5

What is the primary stimulation for the release of pancreatic enzymes by acinar cells?

Answer 5

CCK and Acetylcholine.

However VIP and Secretin can enhance the release of enzymatic peptides.

Question 6

What two hormones increase chloride secretion by the acinar cells?

Answer 6

CCK and Acetylcholine

Causes increase in water movement into the gland.

Question 7

What key zymogen must be activated to activate all of the other inactive pancreatic zymogens once released?

Answer 7

Trypsinogen!

Question 8

What activates Trypsinogen to Trypsin and where is it released from?

Answer 8

Trypsinogen is activated to trypsin by the release of enterokinase released by the duodenal cells.

Question 9

the pancreatic duct cells are able to secrete HCO3 into the duodenum following signalling from what hormone?

Answer 9

Secretin from duodenal cells under pH stress!

Question 10

In addition to secretin causing HCO3 release from the pancreatic duct cells, how else does it help to raise the pH?

Answer 10

Increases somatostatin release from gastric D cells.

Question 11

What effect does Somatostatin have?

Answer 11

Decreases gastrin release via G cells

Decreases expression of H/K ATPase in parietal cells.

Question 12

Pancreatic secretions are highest during…..

Answer 12

Highest during intestinal contractility such as after consumption of a meal.
Inbetween is known as the interdigestive period.

Question 13

What is the stimulant, regulating pathway, and % of enzyme secretion that occurs during the cephalic phase of pancreatic secretions?

Answer 13

Sight, smell, taste, and mastication
Vagal pathways regulate it
25% of max enzyme secretion occurs here.

Question 14

What is the stimulant, regulating pathway, and % of enzyme secretion that occurs during the Gastric phase of pancreatic secretions?

Answer 14

Distention, Gastrin, peptides/peptones
Vagal/gastrin
10-20% of enzymes secreted here.

Question 15

What is the stimulant, regulating pathway, and % of enzyme secretion that occurs during the Intestinal phase of pancreatic secretions?

Answer 15

Amino acids, Fatty acids, H+
CCK, Secretin, Enteropancreatic reflexes stimulate it
50-80% of enzymes secreted here.

Question 16

The release of YY and somatostatin following food passing into the ileum signals for what to occur?

Answer 16

Signals for a decrease in the release of pancreatic enzymes returning back to the interdigestive state.