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Physiology GI > Gastric Motility and Secretions > Flashcards

Gastric Motility and Secretions Flashcards

1
Q

What is gastric accomodation?

A

The second step in stomach filling in which the stomach is able to fill in the absence of an increase in pressure.

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2
Q

Loss of vagal tone has what effect on the stomach in filling phases?

A

The stomach is unable to fill without an increase in pressure.

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3
Q

What effect does secretin have on the GI and what stimulates its release?

A

Secretin is released in response to HCL in the duodenum.

It slows down gastric emptying.

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4
Q

What effect does CCK have on the GI and what stimulates its release?

A

Fat in the duodenum stimulates the release.

It slows down gastric emptying.

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5
Q

What effect does gastrin have on the GI and what stimulates its release?

A

Protein in the stomach stimulates the release of gastrin.

Gastrin impairs gastric emptying.

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6
Q

What effect does ENS have on the GI and what stimulates its release?

A

Stimulated by duodenal distension.

Impairs gastric emptying.

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7
Q

What vagal mediators impair gastric emptying?

A

Ach
Opioid
5-HT

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8
Q

What vagal mediators promote gastric emptying?

A

NO

VIP

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9
Q

Where is the emetic center located that controls the emetic response?

A

Located within the medulla of the brain.

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10
Q

Blood borne emetics activate what receptor type in the stomach?

A

Activate 5-HT3 receptors leading to vagal and sympathetic afferents being turned on.

This ultimately leads to activation of the solitary tract nucleus and chemo-receptor trigger zone.

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11
Q

Gastroparesis is commonly found in what patient population type?

A

typically found in poorly controlled diabeti mellitus patients or in infantile pyloric stenosis.

(Impaired motility of the stomach)

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12
Q

What cell in the stomach relases HCL?

A

Parietal cells

aids to steralize, digest protein, and absorb nutrients.

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13
Q

What cells in the stomach release intrinsic factor?

A

Parietal cells

Aids in B12 absorbtion.

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14
Q

What cells in teh stomach release pepsinogen and what does it do?

A

Chief cells

Allows for the digestion of proteins.

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15
Q

What cell type releases mucus and bicarbonate in the stomach?

A

Th superficial epithelial/ neck cells.

This allows for protection of the stomach.

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16
Q

What cell in the stomach releases histamine and what does it do?

A

ECL cells release histamine causing the stomach to release HCL (from the parietal cells).

17
Q

What cell in the stomach releases Gastrin and what function does Gastrin have?

A

G cells release gastrin which promotes HCL secretion

18
Q

What cell in the stomach releases acetylcholine and what function does it have?

A

Acetylcholine is released from nerve cells and it has three functions:
Promotes mucus secretion
Promotes Bicarbonate secretion
Promotes HCl secretion

19
Q

What cell in the stomach releases somatostatin and what function does it have?

A

Released from D cells and suppresses HCL secretion.

20
Q

What membrane protein is HCL production linked with?

A

HCL pumps are linked with H+ K- ATPase pumps.

21
Q

What sort of hormone is Gastrin?

A

Acts as an endocrine hormone that is released into the blood by G cells in the stomach.

22
Q

Describe how gastrin works directly vs indirectly

A

Gastrin works directly when it is secreted into the blood and upregulates the parietal cells which kick up the H/K ATPase.

Gastrin works indirectly by inducing the release of histamine from ECL cells.

23
Q

Neurocrine regulation of acid secretion is controlled directly and indirectly by what substance?

A

Acetylcholine.

24
Q

What is the mechanism for how histamine works?

A

Histamine from ECL cells via indirect activation by either acetylcholine or Gastrin works by stimulating H/K ATPase on adjacent parietal cells.

25
Q

Paracrine release of Prostaglandins have what effect on parietal cell K/H ATPase/

A

Downregulates the activity of the H/K ATPase.

26
Q

The release of somatostatin by gastric D cells will result in what?

A

Results in the decrease of acid secretion
Inhibits release of gastrin from G cells a
Inhibits histamine release from ECL cells
Inhibits H/K ATPase

Physiology GI (10 decks)

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