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..EM Board Review > GI/abd > Flashcards

GI/abd Flashcards

1
Q

what sign shows retrocecal location of the appendix

A

psoas sign

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2
Q

MCC of intestinal obstruction in children <2 yo

A

intussusception

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3
Q

can occur in infants and presents with bilious emesis (present in > 75% of cases) and abdominal distension.

A

malrotation with midgut volvulus

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4
Q

what lab value shows risk for increased mortality in admitted pancreatitis?

A

LDH >350

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5
Q

MC type of hernia and MC type to get strangulated or incarcerated

A

indirect inguinal

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6
Q

MC location for esophageal foreign body in peds

A

cricopharyngeal muscle - C6

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7
Q

peritoneal dialysis related peritonitis - antibiotic choice?

A

vanc and cefepime

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8
Q

emtricitabine - what does it treat and MC side effects?

A

tx HIV, side effects of CNS (dizzy, insomnia), hyperpigmentation, GI symptoms

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9
Q

amiodarone side effects

A

thyroid, cirrhosis, arrhythmia, ILD, corneal, epididmytis

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10
Q

Most likely cause of gross hematochezia in hypotensive patient on thinners

A

intestinal ischemia

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11
Q

liver abscess in patietnt who recently was out of the country and tx

A

amebiasis - e. histolytica - oral flagyl

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12
Q

helminth infection causing pulmonary symptoms, fecal -oral route, then spreads GI to pulm

A

ascariasis lumbricoides

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13
Q

name of pinworms

A

enterobiasis

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14
Q

ileocolitis, mimicking appendicitis, bug that causes it and what from?

A

yersinia enterocolitica from undercooked pork

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15
Q

excessive vomiting from pyloric stenosis may cause…

A

metabolic alkalosis, due to decrease gastric acid, H-K exchange, hypokalemia, hypochloremic

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16
Q

for what disease process is air enema an appropriate tx?

A

intussusception

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17
Q

what athletic event puts you at risk of developing cecal volvulus?

A

marathon running

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18
Q

For what disease process is an upper GI series the best initial test?

A

Malrotation and midgut volvulus.

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19
Q

HBsAg+ and HBc Ab IgM +

A

active infection

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20
Q

HBsAg + and HBs Ab IgG +

A

chronic carrier

21
Q

HBc Ab IgM +
HB sAb -
HB sAg -
HB e Ag -

A

window period, recent infection

22
Q

HBs Ag -
HBs Ab +
HB c Ab IgG +

A

past infection (immune)

23
Q

MCC of gastroenteritis

A

norovirus

24
Q

lab value that makes a gastritis patient a higher risk for gastric cancer

A

fe deficiency anemia

25
Q

anatomic location of spigelian hernia

A

at the level of the arcuate line - lateral ventral hernia

26
Q

tx of acute radiation proctitis

A

sucralfate enemas

27
Q

most common cause of acquired tracheoesophageal fistula formation in adults

A

malignancy

28
Q

fistula formation more often in crohns or UC

A

crohns

29
Q

common complication of ileosteomy

A

hyponatremia/dehydration

30
Q

superficial thrombophlebitis - syndrome name and association

A

Trousseau syndrome - associated with hypercoaguable states, pancreatic adenocarcinoma

31
Q

does acalculous or calculous cholecystitis have a higher mortality rate?

A

acalculous - up to 75% mortality if treatment is delayed

32
Q

XR with most sensitive imaging to detect free air

A

lateral chest XR

33
Q

IBD hx, appears septic, bloody stool - next test and dx

A

abdominal XR, toxic megacolon

34
Q

name the drug - side effects: peripheral neuropathy, lactic acidosis, pancreatitis, and insulin resistance.

A

didanosine

35
Q

Which drug inhibits fusion of the HIV virus to its target cell?

A

Enfuvirtide

36
Q

important side effect of ethmabutal

A

optic neuritis

37
Q

Anoscopy shows friable mucosa with vesicular lesions.

A

HSV

38
Q

travelers diarrhea tx

A

fluid resus, then azithro if prego or child

39
Q

new pancreatitis, what imaging is required

A

US for gallstones first

40
Q

intussusception in adults treatment

A

surgical - 90% mechanical

41
Q

RANSON criteria at admission

A

Age, WBC, glucose, LDH, AST

42
Q

flushing, RLQ pain, diarrhea bouts

A

carcinoid tumor

43
Q

markers of carcinoid tumor

A

serotonin or metabolites (5-HIAA) in serum or urine

44
Q

carcinoid tumors release what

A

serotonin, histamine, norepi, dopamine

45
Q

treatment of carcinoid tumor crisis

A

octreotide - somatostatin

46
Q

treatment of amebiasis in live

A

antimicrobials and IR drainage

47
Q

increased ammonia caused by

A

large meal or occult GI bleed

48
Q

MCC of upper GI bleed

A

Duodenal ulcer by helicobacter

49
Q

6 mo old, MC cause of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, appears well

A

choledocal cyst, congential structural abnormality

..EM Board Review (15 decks)

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