GI/abd Flashcards
what sign shows retrocecal location of the appendix
psoas sign
MCC of intestinal obstruction in children <2 yo
intussusception
can occur in infants and presents with bilious emesis (present in > 75% of cases) and abdominal distension.
malrotation with midgut volvulus
what lab value shows risk for increased mortality in admitted pancreatitis?
LDH >350
MC type of hernia and MC type to get strangulated or incarcerated
indirect inguinal
MC location for esophageal foreign body in peds
cricopharyngeal muscle - C6
peritoneal dialysis related peritonitis - antibiotic choice?
vanc and cefepime
emtricitabine - what does it treat and MC side effects?
tx HIV, side effects of CNS (dizzy, insomnia), hyperpigmentation, GI symptoms
amiodarone side effects
thyroid, cirrhosis, arrhythmia, ILD, corneal, epididmytis
Most likely cause of gross hematochezia in hypotensive patient on thinners
intestinal ischemia
liver abscess in patietnt who recently was out of the country and tx
amebiasis - e. histolytica - oral flagyl
helminth infection causing pulmonary symptoms, fecal -oral route, then spreads GI to pulm
ascariasis lumbricoides
name of pinworms
enterobiasis
ileocolitis, mimicking appendicitis, bug that causes it and what from?
yersinia enterocolitica from undercooked pork
excessive vomiting from pyloric stenosis may cause…
metabolic alkalosis, due to decrease gastric acid, H-K exchange, hypokalemia, hypochloremic
for what disease process is air enema an appropriate tx?
intussusception
what athletic event puts you at risk of developing cecal volvulus?
marathon running
For what disease process is an upper GI series the best initial test?
Malrotation and midgut volvulus.
HBsAg+ and HBc Ab IgM +
active infection
HBsAg + and HBs Ab IgG +
chronic carrier
HBc Ab IgM +
HB sAb -
HB sAg -
HB e Ag -
window period, recent infection
HBs Ag -
HBs Ab +
HB c Ab IgG +
past infection (immune)
MCC of gastroenteritis
norovirus
lab value that makes a gastritis patient a higher risk for gastric cancer
fe deficiency anemia
anatomic location of spigelian hernia
at the level of the arcuate line - lateral ventral hernia
tx of acute radiation proctitis
sucralfate enemas
most common cause of acquired tracheoesophageal fistula formation in adults
malignancy
fistula formation more often in crohns or UC
crohns
common complication of ileosteomy
hyponatremia/dehydration
superficial thrombophlebitis - syndrome name and association
Trousseau syndrome - associated with hypercoaguable states, pancreatic adenocarcinoma
does acalculous or calculous cholecystitis have a higher mortality rate?
acalculous - up to 75% mortality if treatment is delayed
XR with most sensitive imaging to detect free air
lateral chest XR
IBD hx, appears septic, bloody stool - next test and dx
abdominal XR, toxic megacolon
name the drug - side effects: peripheral neuropathy, lactic acidosis, pancreatitis, and insulin resistance.
didanosine
Which drug inhibits fusion of the HIV virus to its target cell?
Enfuvirtide
important side effect of ethmabutal
optic neuritis
Anoscopy shows friable mucosa with vesicular lesions.
HSV
travelers diarrhea tx
fluid resus, then azithro if prego or child
new pancreatitis, what imaging is required
US for gallstones first
intussusception in adults treatment
surgical - 90% mechanical
RANSON criteria at admission
Age, WBC, glucose, LDH, AST
flushing, RLQ pain, diarrhea bouts
carcinoid tumor
markers of carcinoid tumor
serotonin or metabolites (5-HIAA) in serum or urine
carcinoid tumors release what
serotonin, histamine, norepi, dopamine
treatment of carcinoid tumor crisis
octreotide - somatostatin
treatment of amebiasis in live
antimicrobials and IR drainage
increased ammonia caused by
large meal or occult GI bleed
MCC of upper GI bleed
Duodenal ulcer by helicobacter
6 mo old, MC cause of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, appears well
choledocal cyst, congential structural abnormality
