GI/abd

Question 1

what sign shows retrocecal location of the appendix

Answer 1

psoas sign

Question 2

MCC of intestinal obstruction in children <2 yo

Answer 2

intussusception

Question 3

can occur in infants and presents with bilious emesis (present in > 75% of cases) and abdominal distension.

Answer 3

malrotation with midgut volvulus

Question 4

what lab value shows risk for increased mortality in admitted pancreatitis?

Answer 4

LDH >350

Question 5

MC type of hernia and MC type to get strangulated or incarcerated

Answer 5

indirect inguinal

Question 6

MC location for esophageal foreign body in peds

Answer 6

cricopharyngeal muscle - C6

Question 7

peritoneal dialysis related peritonitis - antibiotic choice?

Answer 7

vanc and cefepime

Question 8

emtricitabine - what does it treat and MC side effects?

Answer 8

tx HIV, side effects of CNS (dizzy, insomnia), hyperpigmentation, GI symptoms

Question 9

amiodarone side effects

Answer 9

thyroid, cirrhosis, arrhythmia, ILD, corneal, epididmytis

Question 10

Most likely cause of gross hematochezia in hypotensive patient on thinners

Answer 10

intestinal ischemia

Question 11

liver abscess in patietnt who recently was out of the country and tx

Answer 11

amebiasis - e. histolytica - oral flagyl

Question 12

helminth infection causing pulmonary symptoms, fecal -oral route, then spreads GI to pulm

Answer 12

ascariasis lumbricoides

Question 13

name of pinworms

Answer 13

enterobiasis

Question 14

ileocolitis, mimicking appendicitis, bug that causes it and what from?

Answer 14

yersinia enterocolitica from undercooked pork

Question 15

excessive vomiting from pyloric stenosis may cause…

Answer 15

metabolic alkalosis, due to decrease gastric acid, H-K exchange, hypokalemia, hypochloremic

Question 16

for what disease process is air enema an appropriate tx?

Answer 16

intussusception

Question 17

what athletic event puts you at risk of developing cecal volvulus?

Answer 17

marathon running

Question 18

For what disease process is an upper GI series the best initial test?

Answer 18

Malrotation and midgut volvulus.

Question 19

HBsAg+ and HBc Ab IgM +

Answer 19

active infection

Question 20

HBsAg + and HBs Ab IgG +

Answer 20

chronic carrier

Question 21

HBc Ab IgM +
HB sAb -
HB sAg -
HB e Ag -

Answer 21

window period, recent infection

Question 22

HBs Ag -
HBs Ab +
HB c Ab IgG +

Answer 22

past infection (immune)

Question 23

MCC of gastroenteritis

Answer 23

norovirus

Question 24

lab value that makes a gastritis patient a higher risk for gastric cancer

Answer 24

fe deficiency anemia

Question 25

anatomic location of spigelian hernia

Answer 25

at the level of the arcuate line - lateral ventral hernia

Question 26

tx of acute radiation proctitis

Answer 26

sucralfate enemas

Question 27

most common cause of acquired tracheoesophageal fistula formation in adults

Answer 27

malignancy

Question 28

fistula formation more often in crohns or UC

Answer 28

crohns

Question 29

common complication of ileosteomy

Answer 29

hyponatremia/dehydration

Question 30

superficial thrombophlebitis - syndrome name and association

Answer 30

Trousseau syndrome - associated with hypercoaguable states, pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Question 31

does acalculous or calculous cholecystitis have a higher mortality rate?

Answer 31

acalculous - up to 75% mortality if treatment is delayed

Question 32

XR with most sensitive imaging to detect free air

Answer 32

lateral chest XR

Question 33

IBD hx, appears septic, bloody stool - next test and dx

Answer 33

abdominal XR, toxic megacolon

Question 34

name the drug - side effects: peripheral neuropathy, lactic acidosis, pancreatitis, and insulin resistance.

Answer 34

didanosine

Question 35

Which drug inhibits fusion of the HIV virus to its target cell?

Answer 35

Enfuvirtide

Question 36

important side effect of ethmabutal

Answer 36

optic neuritis

Question 37

Anoscopy shows friable mucosa with vesicular lesions.

Answer 37

HSV

Question 38

travelers diarrhea tx

Answer 38

fluid resus, then azithro if prego or child

Question 39

new pancreatitis, what imaging is required

Answer 39

US for gallstones first

Question 40

intussusception in adults treatment

Answer 40

surgical - 90% mechanical

Question 41

RANSON criteria at admission

Answer 41

Age, WBC, glucose, LDH, AST

Question 42

flushing, RLQ pain, diarrhea bouts

Answer 42

carcinoid tumor

Question 43

markers of carcinoid tumor

Answer 43

serotonin or metabolites (5-HIAA) in serum or urine

Question 44

carcinoid tumors release what

Answer 44

serotonin, histamine, norepi, dopamine

Question 45

treatment of carcinoid tumor crisis

Answer 45

octreotide - somatostatin

Question 46

treatment of amebiasis in live

Answer 46

antimicrobials and IR drainage

Question 47

increased ammonia caused by

Answer 47

large meal or occult GI bleed

Question 48

MCC of upper GI bleed

Answer 48

Duodenal ulcer by helicobacter

Question 49

6 mo old, MC cause of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, appears well

Answer 49

choledocal cyst, congential structural abnormality