Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

The BIG Test > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

H2 Receptor Antagonists
-tidine
Action

A

Inhibit acid production
Raise gastric pH
Decreases gastric volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

There are a ton of drug interactions with what H2 receptor antagonist?

A 
Cimetidine > Ranitidine > Famotidine = 0 
Inhibits cytochrome P450 system 
Prolongs the action of drugs - 
theophylline, aminophylline
phenytoin, halothane, phenobarbital, diazepam, TCAs, meperidine
propranolol, labetolol, CCB 
coumadin
lidocaine 
quinidine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a disadvantage of oral antacid administration?

A

Increase in gastric volume

*Non-particulate antacids are preferred

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Metoclopramide

Action

A 
Increases tone of LES
Decreases tone of pyloric sphincter 
Relaxes duodenum 
Increases gastric motility 
Decreases gastric volume 
*NO effect on gastric pH 
(Also a competitive dopamine antagonists )
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The incidence and severity of aspiration pneumonitis are reduce if…

A

Gastric pH > 2.5

Gastric volume < 25 mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which antiemetics should be avoided in the patient with Parkinson’s disease?

A

Competitive dopamine antagonists

Droperidol, prochlorperazine, metoclopramide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the most common side effect of ondansetron?

A

Headache

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the most powerful agent for decreasing acid secretion?

A

Omeprazole
Inhibits the H pump
Increases gastric pH
?effect on gastric volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the musculature of the esophagus.

A

Pharynx and upper 1/3 = striated muscle (glossopharyngeal and vagus)

Lower 2/3 = smooth muscle (vagus and esophageal myenteric)

Last 3-5 cm = LES - smooth muscle + skeletal muscle of the crural diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of muscle is the pyloric sphincter?

A

Smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of muscle is the GI tract?

A

2 layers of smooth muscle
Inner circular layer
Outer longitudinal layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the gastric pH range in the fasted patient?

A

1.6-2.2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

List 7 conditions that may delay gastric emptying.

A
  1. Obesity
  2. Pregnancy
  3. Opioids
  4. DM
  5. Trauma
  6. Pain
  7. Anxiety
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the purpose of CCK?

A

Released in response to the presence of fats
Stimulates gallbladder contraction and the release of pancreatic enzymes
Inhibits gastric motility
Allows for the digestion of fats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bile vs. gastric vomitus?

A

Bile - alkaline

Gastric - acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What acid-base disturbance will be seen with projectile vomiting?

A

Metabolic alkalosis

17
Q

What causes serum alkaline phosphatase to increase?

A

Biliary tract obstruction

18
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Associated with: dehydration, hypocalcemia, hyperglycemia, ARDS

Evaluate for: malnutrition, abnormal liver function, alcoholism

19
Q

Do most patients with hiatal hernia have symptoms of reflux esophagitis?

A

NO

20
Q

Where are most carcinoid tumors (aka enterochromaffin tumors) found?

A 
GI tract (esp. in the appendix) 
Hormones releases are carried to the liver and metabolized first
21
Q

What hormonal mediators are involved in carcinoid syndrome?

A
  1. Serotonin*
  2. Bradykinin
  3. Histamine
  4. Prostaglandins
  5. Kallikrein
22
Q

What does elevated 5-HIAA in the urine indicate?

A

The presence of serotonin

Carcinoid syndrome

23
Q

What are the 5 clinical manifestations of an active non-intestinal carcinoid tumor?

A
  1. Cutaneous flushing
  2. Bronchospasm
  3. Diarrhea
  4. Large swings in arterial BP
  5. SVT
24
Q

List 4 stimuli for the release of hormones from a carcinoid tumor.

A
  1. Catecholamines
  2. Histamine
  3. Hypotension
  4. Tumor manipulation
25
Q

The patient is taking large doses of either an aluminum-based or magnesium-based antacid…what could be the problem?

A

Hypophosphatemia

26
Q

The patient has CRF and is taking antacids for gastric distress. What could be the problem?

A

Hypercalcemia

Calcium-based anacid - Tums

The BIG Test (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions