gi Flashcards by Imogen Smedley | Brainscape

Q

example of 5ht3 antagonist

A

ondansetron

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Q

use of 5ht3 antagonist

A

ponv, chemo induced vomiting

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Q

h1 antagonist example

A

cyclizine

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Q

use of h1 antagonist

A

for vestibular & ponv vomitting

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Q

example d2 dopamine antagonist

A

metoclopramide

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Q

use of d2 dopamine antagonist

A

drug induced/chemo vomitting

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Q

phenothiazines example

A

procloperazine

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Q

phenothiazine use

A

vertigo/chemo vomiting

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Q

what type of diarrhoea from cholera

A

secretory - inhibits GTPase

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Q

what types of cells in pyloric gland area

A

g cells and d cells

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Q

what do g cells secrete

A

gastrin

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Q

what do d cells secrete

A

somatostatin

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Q

what types of cells in oxyntic mucosa (fundus + body)

A

parietal cells, enterochromaffin, chief cells

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Q

what do parietal cells secrete

A

intrinsic factor and hcl

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Q

what do enterochromaffin cells secrete

A

histamine

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Q

what do chief cells secrete

A

pepsinogen

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Q

types of acinar cels

A

mucous and serous

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Q

antimotility drugs examples

A

codeine phosphate, loperamide

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Q

antimotility drugs contraindications

A

ibd, acute infective diarrhoea, diverticulitis

Q

stimulant laxatives examples

A

senna, bisocodyl, glycerol

Q

stimulant laxative mechanism

A

increase na+ /h2o secretion in colon

Q

bulk laxative example

A

ispagula husk, methylcellulose

Q

bulk laxative use

A

ibs, gastritis

Q

osmotic laxatives example

A

lactulose, citrate/phosphate enema

Q

what do goblet cells secrete

A

mucin

Q

glycogenesis

A

glucose -> glycogen

Q

glycogenolysis

A

glycogen -> glucose

Q

when does glycogenesis occur

A

fed state

Q

what stimulates glycogenesis

A

insulin

Q

rate limiting enzyme in glycogenesis

A

glycogen synthase

Q

when does glycogenolysis occur

A

between meals

Q

what stimulate glycogenolysis

A

glucagon, adrenaline, cortisol

Q

rate limiting enzyme in glycogenolysis

A

glycogen phosphorylase

Q

gluconeogenesis

A

non carbohydrate precursor -> glucose

Q

when does gluconeogenesis occur

A

starvation

Q

what stimulates gluconeogenesis

A

glucagon, citrate and acetyl-coa

Q

examples of precursors for gluconeogenesis

A

lactate, amino acids, glycerol

Q

what does somatostatin do

A

inhibits secretion of insulin and glucagon

Q

what does gastrin do

A

stimulates hcl secretion

Q

what does histamine do in the stomach

A

stimulates parietal cells to secrete hcl and intrinsic factor

Q

what does pepsinogen do

A

activated to pepsin (cleaves proteins) by hcl

Q

name of skin rashes in ibd

A

pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum

Q

small bowel bacterial overgrowth diagnosis

A

14-C breath test

Q

treatment of paracetamol overdose

A

NAC acetylcysteine (metabolised to gluthiathione)

Q

pathological metabolite of paracetamol overdose

A

NAPQI