gi Flashcards by Imogen Smedley

Q

example of 5ht3 antagonist

A

ondansetron

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Q

use of 5ht3 antagonist

A

ponv, chemo induced vomiting

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Q

h1 antagonist example

A

cyclizine

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Q

use of h1 antagonist

A

for vestibular & ponv vomitting

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Q

example d2 dopamine antagonist

A

metoclopramide

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Q

use of d2 dopamine antagonist

A

drug induced/chemo vomitting

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Q

phenothiazines example

A

procloperazine

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Q

phenothiazine use

A

vertigo/chemo vomiting

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Q

what type of diarrhoea from cholera

A

secretory - inhibits GTPase

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Q

what types of cells in pyloric gland area

A

g cells and d cells

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Q

what do g cells secrete

A

gastrin

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Q

what do d cells secrete

A

somatostatin

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Q

what types of cells in oxyntic mucosa (fundus + body)

A

parietal cells, enterochromaffin, chief cells

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Q

what do parietal cells secrete

A

intrinsic factor and hcl

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Q

what do enterochromaffin cells secrete

A

histamine

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Q

what do chief cells secrete

A

pepsinogen

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Q

types of acinar cels

A

mucous and serous

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Q

antimotility drugs examples

A

codeine phosphate, loperamide

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Q

antimotility drugs contraindications

A

ibd, acute infective diarrhoea, diverticulitis

Q

stimulant laxatives examples

A

senna, bisocodyl, glycerol

Q

stimulant laxative mechanism

A

increase na+ /h2o secretion in colon

Q

bulk laxative example

A

ispagula husk, methylcellulose

Q

bulk laxative use

A

ibs, gastritis

Q

osmotic laxatives example

A

lactulose, citrate/phosphate enema

what do goblet cells secrete

mucin

glycogenesis

glucose -> glycogen

glycogenolysis

glycogen -> glucose

when does glycogenesis occur

fed state

what stimulates glycogenesis

insulin

rate limiting enzyme in glycogenesis

glycogen synthase

when does glycogenolysis occur

between meals

what stimulate glycogenolysis

glucagon, adrenaline, cortisol

rate limiting enzyme in glycogenolysis

glycogen phosphorylase

gluconeogenesis

non carbohydrate precursor -> glucose

when does gluconeogenesis occur

starvation

what stimulates gluconeogenesis

glucagon, citrate and acetyl-coa

examples of precursors for gluconeogenesis

lactate, amino acids, glycerol

what does somatostatin do

inhibits secretion of insulin and glucagon

what does gastrin do

stimulates hcl secretion

what does histamine do in the stomach

stimulates parietal cells to secrete hcl and intrinsic factor

what does pepsinogen do

activated to pepsin (cleaves proteins) by hcl

name of skin rashes in ibd

pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum

small bowel bacterial overgrowth diagnosis

14-C breath test

treatment of paracetamol overdose

NAC acetylcysteine (metabolised to gluthiathione)

pathological metabolite of paracetamol overdose

NAPQI