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Y1 Summary > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

cell wall antibiotics

A

penicillins, cephalosporins, glycopeptides

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2
Q

protein synthesis antibiotics

A

macrolides, aminoglycosides, clindamycin, tetracyclines

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3
Q

examples of penicillin group

A

penicillin, amoxicillin, flucloxacillin

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4
Q

side effects of penicillin group

A

none

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5
Q

are penicillins safe in pregnancy

A

yes

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6
Q

which antibiotic/s inhibit peptidoglycan cross liking

A

penicillins, cephalosporins

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7
Q

how are penicillins excreted & at what rate

A

rapidly by kidneys

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8
Q

are penicillins bactericidal or bacterostatic

A

bactericidal

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9
Q

are cephalosporins safe in pregnancy

A

yes

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10
Q

cephalosporins side effects?

A

none

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11
Q

how are cephalosporins excreted

A

by kidneys

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12
Q

cephalosporins mechanism

A

act on cell wall, prevent peptidoglycan crosslinking

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13
Q

glycopeptides examples

A

vancomycin, teicoplanin

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14
Q

penicillins route of administration

A

oral or iv

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15
Q

cephalosporins route of administration

A

oral or iv

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16
Q

glycopeptides route of administration

A

iv only

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17
Q

what are vancomycin effective against

A

clostridium, strep, staph, enterococcus, mrsa

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18
Q

are glycopeptides bactericidal or bacteriostatic

A

bactericidal

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19
Q

are macrolides bactericidal or bacteriostatic

A

bacteriostatic

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20
Q

macrolides examples

A

clarithromycin, erithromycin, azithromycin

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21
Q

is erithromycin safe in pregnancy

A

yes

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22
Q

how are macrolides excreted

A

via liver

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23
Q

what are macrolides effective against

A

intracellular bacteria or bacteria without cell walls e.g. mycoplasma

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24
Q

aminoglycoside example

A

gentamycin, streptomycin

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25
aminoglycosides route of administration
only IV, rarely IM
26
gentamycin route of administration
only IV, rarely IM
27
are aminoglycosides bactericidal or bacteriostatic
bactericidal
28
how are aminoglycosides excreted
urine
29
aminoglycosides use
gram -ve aerobes e.g. coliforms, pseudomonas
30
gentamycin use
gram -ve aerobes e.g. coliforms, pseudomonas
31
how is clindamycin excreted
via liver
32
clindamycin mechanism
protein synthesis antibiotic
33
is clindamycin bactericidal or bacteriostatic
bacteriostatic
34
what is clindamycin effective against
true anaerobes (obligate) e.g. bacteriodes
35
what antibiotic is effective against true anaerobes
clindamycin and metronidazole
36
what antibiotic is effective against intracellular bacteria
macrolides e.g. clarithryomycin, azithromycin
37
name an antibiotic effective against atypical pneumonias
doxycycline
38
how is doxycycline excreted
via liver
39
tetracycline route of administration
po
40
are tetracyclines bactericidal or bacteriostatic
bacteriostatic
41
example of a tetracycline
doxycycline
42
what is the name of the antibiotic used for eye infections
chloramphenicol
43
name antibiotics effective against pseudomonas
ciprofloxacin (PO) and gentamycin
44
how are fluoroquinolones excreted
urine
45
fluoroquinolone examples
levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin
46
name a antibiotic used for UTIs
ciprofloxacin
47
which antibiotic group interacts with topiosomerases (they coil/uncoil bacterial DNA)
fluoroquinolones
48
name the antibiotic groups that target bacterial DNA
fluoroquinolones, metronidazole, trimethroprim, co-trimoxazole
49
are fluoroquinolones bactericidal or bacteriostatic
bactericidal
50
which antibiotics have a high c. diff risk
fluoroquinolones e.g. levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin
51
metronidazole use
true anaerobes e.g. bacteriodes and protozoa
52
name an antibiotic effective against protozoa
metronidazole
53
metronidazole mechanism
acts on bacterial dna, damages bacterial DNA
54
trimethroprim mechanism
inhibits bacterial folic acid synthesis
55
which two antibiotics is co-trimoxazole a combination of
trimethroprim, sulphamethoxazole
56
co-trimoxazole route of adminstration
iv or po
57
what is co-trimoxazole used against
gram -ves
58
how is co-trimoxazole excreted
urine
59
is co-trimoxazole safe in pregnancy
only after 4 months
60
what kinds of bacteria are more likely to acquire resistance
bacteria in the gut or transmitted in hospitals
61
describe transformation
debris from dead bacteria scavenged and incorporated into the genome of living bacteria e.g. e.coli
62
describe conjugation
plasmid given to another bacteria via a pilus
63
describe transduction
dna transfer by viruses (bacteriophages)
64
how often do bacteria multiply
every 20 minutes
65
mechanisms of antibiotic resistance
altered target site, inactivation or increased efflux rate
66
through what mechanism does mrsa get resistant
altered antibiotic target binding site; increasing number of penicillin binding proteins
67
what is temocillin used for
coliforms
68
is amoxicillin broad or narrow spec
broad spec
69
glycopeptides use
gram +ves
70
antibiotic of last resort for b-lactamase resistance
meropenem
71
what type of antibiotic is meropenem
carbapenem
72
carbapenem mechanism
act on cell wall
73
name an antibiotic used for coliforms
temocillin
74
macrolides mechanism
attach to 50s subunit of ribosomes, preventing peptide bonds forming
75
name an antibiotic group effective against mycoplasma
macrolides
76
aminoglycosides side effects
kidney damage, cnviii damage (deafness and dizziness)
77
gentamycin side effects
kidney damage, cnviii damage (deafness and dizziness)
78
what is doxycycline effective against
broad spectrum
79
levofloxacin route of adminstration
iv
80
rifampicin mechanism
inhibits rna polymerase
81
an antibiotic of last resort for metalloenzyme based resistance
colistin
82
antibiotics with high c.diff risk
cephalosporins, co-amoxiclav, ciprofloxacin, clindamycinq
83
colistin use
antibiotic of last resort for metalloenzyme based resistance
84
what two antibiotics make up co-amoxiclav
amoxicillin and clavulanic acid
85
co-amoxiclav mechanism
inhibits b-lactamase

Y1 Summary (6 decks)

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