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Y1 Summary > buzzwords > Flashcards

buzzwords Flashcards

1
Q

gingival hypertrophy

A

ccb se

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2
Q

bird beak appearance and distended oesophagus

A

achalasia

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3
Q

bird beak appearance lower gi

A

bowel obstruction

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4
Q

grey turner’s sign - where and what

A

acute pancreatitis, lumbar

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5
Q

cullen’s sign - where and what

A

umbilicus, acute pancreatitis

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6
Q

+ve murphey’s sign

A

cholecytitis

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7
Q

pale stool, jaundice, abdo pain

A

biliary obstruction

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8
Q

pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum

A

ibd

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9
Q

tinkling bowel sounds

A

bowel obstruction

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10
Q

vesicular rash + weight loss

A

coeliac

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11
Q

virchow’s node, left supraclavicular

A

gastric cancer

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12
Q

urea breath test

A

h pylori

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13
Q

14c breath test

A

bacterial overgrowth? or h pylori?

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14
Q

rice water diarrhoea

A

vibrio cholera

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15
Q

anti mitochondrial antibodies

A

pbc

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16
Q

anti-smooth muscle antibodies

A

autoimmune hep

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17
Q

alpha fetoprotein assay

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

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18
Q

cobblestone mucosa

A

crohn’s

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19
Q

duiretic for cirrhosis induced ascites

A

spironolactone

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20
Q

cork screw oesophagus on barium swallow

A

diffuse oesophageal spasm

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21
Q

russel’s sign

A

self induced vomiting

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22
Q

mallory’s hyaline bodies

A

alcoholic liver disease

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23
Q

crypt abscesses and cryptitis

A

uc

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24
Q

onion skinning fibrosis, beading of the bile ducts

A

psc

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25
Q

signet ring sign on biopsy

A

gastric lymphoma (bronchiectasis on ct)

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26
Q

a side effect of spironolactone

A

gynaecomastia

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27
Q

stomatits gangrenosum

A

crohn’s

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28
Q

barrett’s

A

metaplasia; stratified squamous to simple columnar

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29
Q

dukes stage a

A

confined to bowel wall

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30
Q

dukes stage b

A

spread past bowel wall

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31
Q

dukes stage c

A

nearby lymph nodes

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32
Q

thumbprinting at splenic flexure

A

ischaemic colitis

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33
Q

severe c diff treatment

A

only time u ever use vancomycin po

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34
Q

pcp antibiotic

A

co-trimoxazole

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35
Q

epiglottitis antibiotic

A

ceftriaxone

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36
Q

swinging fever

A

abscess

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37
Q

pseudopolyps

A

uc

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38
Q

sense of impending doom

A

mi

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39
Q

borad complex tachy

A

ventricular problem

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40
Q

tapping undisplaced apex

A

mitral stenosis

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41
Q

broad qrs + slurred upstroke on r wave (delta wave)

A

wpw

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42
Q

tall tented t waves, broad qrs

A

hyperkalaemia

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43
Q

blurred yellowing vision headaches

A

digoxin

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44
Q

continuous machinery murmur

A

patent ductus arteriosus

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45
Q

cxr rib notching

A

coarctation of the aorta

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46
Q

crescendo decrescendo murmur

A

aortic stenosis

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47
Q

diminished/absent lower limb pulses

A

coarctation of the aorta

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48
Q

acei contradiction

A

bilateral renal artery stenosis

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49
Q

radial radial delay

A

aortic dissection or coarctation of the aorta

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50
Q

collapsing pulse

A

aortic regurg

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51
Q

slow rising pulse

A

aortic stenosis

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52
Q

atrial myoxoma

A

upper r/l heart, non-cancer, often near septum

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53
Q

cardiac tamponade prevents…

A

contractions

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54
Q

what to give for cardiac tamponade

A

nsaid

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55
Q

tetralogy of fallot

A

large vsd, pulmonary stenosis, overiding aorta, rvh

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56
Q

aortic regurg, aortic dissection, complete heart block, thyrotoxicosis, persistent doctor arterioles

A

wide pulse pressure

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57
Q

atrial fibrillation causes (atrial fib pneumonic)

A

alcohol, thyroid, rheumatic, idiopathic, atrial myoxoma, lung (pe/emphysema), pheochromocytoma, ischaemia, bp

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58
Q

obstructive shock management

A

chest drain

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59
Q

pr > 200ms

A

1st degree heart block

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60
Q

Ig is found in mucosa

A

IgA

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61
Q

Ig is found in breast milk

A

IgA

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62
Q

what receptors does IgE bind to to bring about a response

A

Fc receptors

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63
Q

most common type of Ig

A

IgG

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64
Q

what is the first antibody

A

IgM

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65
Q

where is trachea palpated

A

suprasternal notch/jugular notch

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66
Q

nerve that supplies the rectum

A

S4/inferior rectal nerve (s2, 3, 4 (pudendal)

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67
Q

nerve that supplies the diaphragm

A

C3,4,5/phrenic nerve

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68
Q

antibiotic is used for gram positive cover

A

vancomycin

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69
Q

CF gene is autosomal recessive. Mum and dad are both unaffected but daughter is affected. What are the chances that another unaffected daughter is a carrier?

A

⅔

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70
Q

bone has no articulations in the body

A

Hyoid bone

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71
Q

2,3-DPG is an acid that helps bind O2. Reduced amounts of this result in…

A

more dissociation

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72
Q

component of a strain of MRSA which causes severe skin infection such as necrotising fasciitis

A

PANTON VALENTINE LEUKOCIDIN

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73
Q

Stony dull to percuss

A

Pleural Effusion

74
Q

Right sided pleuritic chest pain

A

most likely pneumonia

75
Q

Alveolar bat’s wings, Kerley B lines, cardiomegaly, dilated prominent upper lobe vessels Pleural effusion

A

Pulmonary oedema

76
Q

Ground-glass appearance on X-ray

A

Pulmonary fibrosis and Respiratory Distress Syndrome of the newborn

77
Q

Apical disease

A

(secondary) TB

78
Q

apical lesion

A

Assmann focus

79
Q

Miliary Tuberculous

A

spread of organism into bloodstream

80
Q

Positive anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome

81
Q

infection with a parrot/pigeon as pet

A

chlamydophila psittaci

82
Q

test urine for antigens

A

Legionella pneumophila

83
Q

Mr. Snoop Dogg

A

probably pneumothorax (Marfan’s)

84
Q

hilar lymphadenopathy, erythema nodosum, granulomas, fatigue, uveitis and weight loss

A

Sarcoidosis

85
Q

Bronchiole wider than neighbouring arteriole (on CT) (signet ring sign

A

Bronchiectasis

86
Q

D sign on X ray

A

Empyema

87
Q

Steeple” sign on X ray

A

laryngotracheobronchitis/croup

88
Q

barking cough

A

Croup

89
Q

Pneumocystis pneumonia treat

A

co-tramoxazole [± prednisolone if severe]

90
Q

Asthma + Nasal Polyps + Salicylate sensitivity

A

Samter’s Triad

91
Q

Red Jelly sputum

A

Klebsiella Pneumoniae

92
Q

Mucoid sputum

A

Chlamydia psittaci

93
Q

Rusty sputum

A

Pneumococcal pneumonia

94
Q

Cannonball metastases (also weight loss and haematuria

A

primary renal cell carcinoma

95
Q

hypercapnia or Side effects of organic nitrates

A

Morning headache

96
Q

ACTH secreting lung tumour

A

Small cell carcinoma

97
Q

PTH secreting lung tumour

A

Squamous cell ca. of lung

98
Q

Increased serum ACE and Ca2+

A

Sarcoid

99
Q

Eggshell calcification at hilar region

A

Silicosis

100
Q

area of infection and caseous necrosis at the periphery of the lung, beneath the pleura - found in tuberculosis infection

A

Ghon Focus

101
Q

ptosis (drooping of the eyelid), enophthalmos (sunken eye), miosis (small pupil), and lack of sweating on the ipsilateral (same side as invasion) side of the face. This is due to invasion, of the cervical sympathetic chain.

A

Horner’s Syndrome from a Pancoast’s tumour

102
Q

Thumbprint sign on head x ray

A

epiglottitis

103
Q

Inspiratory whoop/barking cough

A

pertussis

104
Q

Snow storm appearance on x ray

A

baritosis, silicosis

105
Q

Management of infective exacerbation of COPD

A 
I - ipratropium
        	S - Salbutamol
        	O - Oxygen
        	A - amoxicillin
        	P - prednisolone
106
Q

where on lung is adenocarcinoma

A

peripheral

107
Q

Low d-dimers

A

exclude Pulmonary Embolism

108
Q

large pe treatment

A

thrombolysis

109
Q

small pe treatment

A

Low Molecular Weight Heparin

110
Q

panic attack abg

A

resp alkalosis

111
Q

Frank pus on aspiration

A

empyema

112
Q

Pickwickian disease a.k.a

A

Obesity hypoventilation syndrome

113
Q

overnight nasal ventilation

A

sleep apnoea, Obesity hypoventilation syndrome

114
Q

non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema leads to acute respiratory failure

A

Adult respiratory distress syndrome

115
Q

ards cxr

A

bilateral alveolar shadowing

116
Q

tlco

A

how well oxygen can diffuse into the blood

117
Q

Extrinsic allergic alveolitis Treat

A

steroids and antigen avoidance

118
Q

antigen is Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula

A

Farmer’s lung

119
Q

Blood tests reveal cANCA positive result, joint pain, nasal congestion and recurrent nosebleeds

A

granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)

120
Q

(extra) protein > 30

A

Exudate

121
Q

(less) protein < 30

A

Transudate

122
Q

large cell paraneoplastic effect

A

gynaecomastia

123
Q

squamous cell lung cancer; region and paraneoplastic effect

A

hypercalcaemia, hilar

124
Q

hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropy is a paraneoplastic effect from what type of lung cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma

125
Q

only lung cancer that is chemo sensitive

A

Small cell

126
Q

moon face, acne, high BP is a paraneoplastic effect from what type of lung cancer

A

ACTH Small cell

127
Q

tingling, parasthesiae of the extremities is a side effect of what drug

A

Isoniazid

128
Q

side effect causing joint pain, rash, allergic reaction, yellow skin or eyes, worsening gout

A

Pyrazinamide

129
Q

M.bovis

A

TB

130
Q

TB hypersensitivity

A

type IV

131
Q

Qfever

A

coxiella burnetti (sheep/farm

132
Q

Ankylosing Spondylitis can cause what in the respiratory system

A

Pulmonary Fibrosis

133
Q

Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis

A

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

134
Q

boot shaped heart

A

tetralogy of fallot

135
Q

egg shaped ventricles

A

transposition great vessels

136
Q

continuous machinery murmur below left clavicle

A

persistent ductus arteriosus

137
Q

harsh pansystolic murmur left sternal edge

A

vsd

138
Q

flattened t waves, prominent u waves ecg

A

hypokalaemia

139
Q

pneumonia - recently had influenza infection

A

s. aureus

140
Q

organism in bronchiolitis

A

mostly rsv

141
Q

hepatorenal syndrome

A

alcoholic hepatitis

142
Q

slow rising pulse

A

aortic stenosis

143
Q

pulsus paradoxus

A

cardiac tamponade or constrictive pericarditis

144
Q

corrigan’s sign (carotid pulsation)

A

aortic regurg

145
Q

torsade de pointes treatment

A

magnesium sulfate

146
Q

reduces long term mortality

A

spironolactone or b blockers

147
Q

kussmaul’s sign; raised jvp on inspiration

A

cardiac tamponade

148
Q

stemi v2-v5

A

anterior

149
Q

stemi v1-v3

A

anteroseptal

150
Q

stemi v4-6, i, avl

A

anterolateral

151
Q

stemi v1-2

A

posterior

152
Q

faecal occult blood fob test is for

A

crc

153
Q

cha2ds2vasc 1 point and female (for anticoag with af)

A

no treatment

154
Q

cha2ds2vasc 1 point and male (for anticoag with af)

A

offer anticoagulation

155
Q

cha2ds2vasc >2 points (for anticoag with af)

A

offer anticoagulation

156
Q

rate control for af + heart failure

A

digoxin

157
Q

atrial fibrillation rhythm control

A

amiodarone, catheter ablation

158
Q

is patent ductus arteriosus cyanotic

A

no

159
Q

is coarctation of the aorta cyanotic

A

no

160
Q

example of duct dependent heart defects

A

pulmonary atresia, tetrology of fallot, hypoplastic left heart

161
Q

atypical endocarditis in farmer’s

A

coxiella burnetti

162
Q

escape rhythm

A

originates in ventricles, occurs when san firing is low

163
Q

rate control for af - no heart failure

A

beta blocker

164
Q

example of pharmacological cardioversion for af

A

amiodarone or flecainide (amiodarone for people with ischaemic heart disease too)

165
Q

type of anticoagulation for af

A

heparin

166
Q

where artery will the occlusion be in for v5-v6 elevation

A

left circumflex

167
Q

what imaging to view the ileum in crohn’s disease

A

barium follow through

168
Q

dysphagia to solids and liquids

A

achalasia

169
Q

management of uc flare up

A

prednisolone + mesalazine 5 ASA + hydrocortisone

170
Q

drug to prevent variceal rebleed

A

propanolol

171
Q

pancreatic cancer investigations

A

abdo us + LFTs, then abdo spiral ct

172
Q

which gi cancers cause clubbing

A

none

173
Q

which drugs are risk factors for gallstones

A

penicillin, oesotogen, erythromycin

174
Q

diagnosis of hiatus hernia

A

us

175
Q

types of hiatus hernia

A

sliding and paraoesophageal

176
Q

blood test for chronic pancreatitis

A

faecal elastase

177
Q

when does the exrernal iliac become the femoral artery

A

when it passes under the inguinal ligament

178
Q

strong bounding pulse, hyperdynamic circulation

A

septic shock

179
Q

treatment of atrial tachycardia

A

digoxin

180
Q

most common cause of af

A

hypokalaemia

Y1 Summary (6 decks)

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