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Y1 Summary > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

what do u give for a non-shockable rhythm

A

adrenaline (inotrope, vasoconstricts) + 300mg amiodarone

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2
Q

shockable rhythms

A

vf, pulseless vt

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3
Q

how do u treat airway obstruction

A

head tilt, jaw thrust, suction

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4
Q

how fast after cardiac arrest should u do debfibrillation

A

within 3 minutes

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5
Q

examples of non-shockable rhythms

A

asystole, pulseless electrical activity PEA

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6
Q

what is persistent precipitating pathology

A

a second cardiac arrest

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7
Q

ventricular or supraventricular: asystole

A

ventricular

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8
Q

ventricular or supraventricular: af

A

supraventricular

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9
Q

ventricular or supraventricular: atrial flutter

A

supraventricular

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10
Q

ventricular or supraventricular: av block

A

supraventricular

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11
Q

ventricular or supraventricular: sinus bradycardia

A

supraventricular

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12
Q

ventricular or supraventricular: wpw

A

supraventricular

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13
Q

ventricular or supraventricular: avn re-entry

A

supraventricular

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14
Q

examples of triggered activity

A

torsade de pointes, digoxin toxicity, hypokalaemia, congenital long qt syndrome

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15
Q

what is triggered activity

A

afterdepolarisation after reaching threshold

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16
Q

what is the term for >1 conduction pathway with different spread of excitiation

A

re-entry

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17
Q

examples of re-entry

A

wpw, mi scar

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18
Q

what is an ectopic beat

A

rhythm doens’t originate in sa node

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19
Q

what happens if an ectopic beat is greater than sinus rhythm

A

takes over and paces the heart

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20
Q

common type of ectopic beat in children

A

premature atrial contractions

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21
Q

management of ectopic beats

A

b-blocker or amiodarone

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22
Q

causes of ectopic beats

A

lvh, hf, idh, electrolyte imbalance

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23
Q

name of the invasive study that induces arrythmias

A

electrophysiological ep study

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24
Q

managment of re-entry pathway

A

radiofrequency ablation, 2nd line b-blockers

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25
Q

causes of bradycardia

A

hyperkalaemia, hypothermia

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26
Q

drugs that can cause sinus bradycardia

A

ccb, digoxin, b-blocker

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27
Q

rbbb

A

rv activation delayed

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28
Q

causes of lbbb

A

chd, hypertension, anterior mi, dilated cardiomypathy, aortic stenosis

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29
Q

examples of bradycardia

A

lbbb, rbbb, asystole, sinus bradycardia, heart block, sick sinus syndrome

30
Q

management of bradycardia

A

if <40bpm IV atropine, if no response temporary cardiac pacing (pacemaker), if emergency transcutaneous defibrillation

31
Q

atropine route of administration

A

iv or im

32
Q

atropine mechanism

A

antimuscarinic, inhibits parasympathetic, increases SAN firing

33
Q

treatment of sinus tachycardia

A

adrenergic b-blocker

34
Q

causes of sinus tachycardia

A

anxiety, fever, exercise, sepsis, heart failure, pregnancy, pe, caffeine, nicotine, drugs, hypotension, anaemia

35
Q

svt treatment pathway

A

valsalva, then adenosine IV, then verapamil, then repeat, then dc cardioversion

36
Q

vt treatment

A

amiodarone, if no response dc shock

37
Q

polymorphic vt

A

torsade de pointes

38
Q

torsade de pointes treatment

A

magnesium sulfate

39
Q

vf treatment

A

defibrillation/cpr then icd for preventing recurrence

40
Q

treatment of atrial tachycardia

A

digoxin

41
Q

rhythm disturbance seen in wpw

A

svt

42
Q

effect of valsalva

A

increases av block

43
Q

causes of 1st degree heart block

A

inferior mi, myocarditis, electrolyte disturbance, hyperkalaemia, digoxin, b-blocker

44
Q

causes of av block, mobitz type 1

A

b-blocker, ccb, digoxin, myocarditis, inferior mi

45
Q

causes of av block, motibz type 2

A

cad, cardiomypathy, electrolyte imbalance, CHD

46
Q

management of av block, motibz type 2

A

atropine

47
Q

causes of third degree av block

A

secondary to mobitz 1/2, anterior mi

48
Q

atrial fibrillation pathology

A

multiple wavelets of re-entry, ecoptic focus around the pulmonary veins

49
Q

persistent atrial fibrillation

A

can be cardioverted to sr

50
Q

how do u diagnose lone idiopathic af

A

by exclusion

51
Q

atrial rate in af

A

> 300bpm

52
Q

does af respond to adenosine

A

no

53
Q

rhythm control in af

A

amiodarone, catheter ablation

54
Q

rate control in af

A

digoxin, b-blocker, verapamil, diltiazem

55
Q

surgery for af

A

maze procedure

56
Q

hr in torsade de pointes

A

200-250 bpm

57
Q

most common cause of torsade de pointes

A

hypokalaemia

58
Q

channelopathies

A

lqts, brugada, catecholaminergic polymorphic vt, wpw,

59
Q

cardiomypathies

A

hocm, arrhythmogenic rv caridomyopathy,

60
Q

if u have lqts what does adrenergic stimulation cause

A

torsade de pointes

61
Q

death in sleep could be

A

lqts

62
Q

how long is qt in lqts

A

> 480ms

63
Q

what is the arrhythmia risk in brugada syndrome (triggered)

A

polymorphic vt or vf

64
Q

if brugada syndrome with sustained vt how do u manage

A

icd

65
Q

management of catecholadrenergic polymorphic vt

A

b-blockers, flecainide

66
Q

sudden death in athlete

A

hocm

67
Q

management of hocm >50% lvef

A

b-blocker, verapamil/diltiazem, diuretic

68
Q

management of hocm <50% lvef

A

b-blocker, acei, mra, duiretic

69
Q

kind of heart block caused by dilated cardiomyopathy

A

1st degree

70
Q

arrhythmogenic rv cardiomyopathy pathology

A

fibrofatty replacement of cardiac myocytes

71
Q

management of arrhythmogenic rv cardiomyopathy

A

avoid competitve sport, b-blocker, amiodarone, catheter ablation, icd

72
Q

ecg; voltage criteria changes can diagnose what

A

chamber hypertrophy

Y1 Summary (6 decks)

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