GI Flashcards
Sialogagues
Promote salivation
Anti-sialagues
Atropine
Demulcents
Lubricate, soothe, protect
Carminatives
reduce gas production and promote eructation, flatulence
Histamine (H2) inhibitors
Ranitidine (Zantac)
Famotidine (Pepcid)
H:K ATPase inhibitors
Omeprazole (Prilosec)
Pantoprazole (Protonix)
Lansoprazole (Prevacid)
Coating Agents
Sucralfate (Carafate)
Prokinetic agents
Cisapride
What is a dopamine (D2) agonist that induces vomiting?
Apomorphine
What is an adrenergic (a2) agonist that induces vomiting?
Xylazine
Dexmedetomidine
What is an irritant that induces vomiting?
Hydrogen peroxide
What anti-emetics are histamine (H1) inhibitors?
Diphenhydramine (Benedryl)
Promethazine (Phenergan)
What antiemetics are adrenergic (a2) antagonists?
Prochlorperazine (Compazine, Darbazine)
Acepromazine
What antiemetics are neurokinin (NK1) antagonists?
Maropitant (Cirenia)
What antiemetic is an irritant?
Ginger
What antiemetics are dopamine (D2, also 5HT3) antagonist?
Metoclopramide (Reglan)
What antiemetic is a seratonin (5HT3) antagonist?
Ondansetron (Zofran)
What prokinetic drugs are mixed 5HT3 antagonists/5HT4 agonists?
Metoclopramide, Cisapride (Propulsid)
What prokinetic drug is a motilin agonist?
Erythromycin
What prokinetic drug is an anticholinesterase?
Ranitidine
What anti-diarrheal drugs are opiod receptor agonists?
Diphenoxylate
Loperamide
What inhibitor of small intestinal secretion is a prostaglandin and cAMP inhibitor?
Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-bismol)
What anti-diarrheal drugs are absorbents?
Kaolin Attapulgite (Endosorb) Dioctahedral smectite (Biosponge) Activated charchol
What antibiotics can be used prophylactically in the upper small intestine?
Gram positive
Gram negative
(Tetracycline, metronidazole, tylosin)
What antibiotics can be used prophylactically in the lower intestine?
Gram negative
Enrofloxacin, metronidazole, tylosin
What are two examples of probiotics?
Enterococcus faecium (Fortiflora) Bifidobacterium animalis (Prostora Max)
What prebiotics are oligosaccharides?
FOS
soy
What prebiotics are polysaccharides in soluble fiber?
Pectins
gums
What prebiotic is mixed soluble and insoluble fibers?
Beet pulp
Corticosteroids (Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppresive drugs)
Predisolone/predisone
Dexamethasone
Budesonide
Purine & pyrimidine analogs/Alkylating agests (Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppresive drugs)
Azathioprine
Chlorambucil
Other immunosuppressive agents
Cyclosporine
Metronidazole
Antibodies?
Aminosalicylates (Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppresive drugs)
Sulfasalazine
Bismuth Subsalicylate
n3 fatty acids (Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppresive drugs)
fish oil
Osmotic agents (Laxatives)
Magnesium sulfate Polyethylene glycol (PEG)
Bulk forming +/- osmotic agents
(Laxatives)
Insoluble and soluble fiber: psyllium, pumpkin
Indigestible sugars: lactulose
Lubricants (Laxatives)
mineral oil
petrolatum
Emolients (Laxatives and Purgatives)
dioctyl sodium succinate
What is used to treat Dipylidium (tapeworms)?
Praziquantel
What is used to treat Giardia?
Fenbendazole
Febantel
Metronidazole
What is used to treat hookworms, roundworms, and whipworms?
Piperazine Fenbendazole Febantel Moxidectin Milbemycin Emodepside
Appetite stimulants
Mirtazipine
