Antibiotics Flashcards
Beta-Lactams
Penicillins: Penicillin G, Aminopenicillins (Amoxicillin)
Extended spectrum penicillins (ticarcillin)
Cephalosporins
Others: carbapenem, Imipenem, Beta-lactamse inhibitors (Clavulanic acid)
Aminoglycosides
Gentamycin
amikacin
Phenicols
Chloramphenicol (SA)
Florphenicol (LA)
Lincosamides
Lincomycin
Clindamycin
Tetracyclines
Oxytetracyclin
Doxycyclin
Fluoroquinolones
Enrofloxacin
Marbofloxacin
Macrolides
Azithromycin
Tylosin
Polypeptides
Vancomycin
Bacitracin
Polymixin
Potentiated sulfonamides
sulfas + trimethoprim
Miscellaneous antibiotics
Rifampin (horses)
Metronidazole
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors
Penicillin (Beta lactams)
Cephalosporin (Beta lactams)
Vancomycin (polypeptide)
Inhibition of Protein synthesis (30s or 50s)
Chloramphenicol
Tetracyclin
Clindamycin
Cell Membrane Leakage
Polymixin
Nystatin
Amphotericin B
Inhibition of protein synthesis (30s) aminoglycosides
Gentamicin
Amikacin
Affect nucleic acid metabolism
Rifampin
Enrofloxacin
Anti-metabolites
Trimethoprim
Sulfonamides
Antibiotics that are concentration dependent
Quinolones
Aminoglycosides
Metronidazole
Antibiotics that are time-dependent (no persistent effects)
Beta lactams
Antibiotics that are time-dependent (with persistent effects)
Macrolides
Tetracyclines
Lincosamides
What is the most important mechanism of antibiotics resistance?
Plasmid
How to slow resistance process
Judicious use
Culture and sensitivity
Correct dose, frequency, and route
Avoid using the newest antibiotic
What antibiotics target cell wall?
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
What antibiotics target ribosome 30s?
Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines
What antibiotics target ribosome 50s?
Macrolides
Phenicols
Lincosamides
What antibiotics target purine metabolism?
Sulfonamides
What antibiotics target DNA?
Fluoroquinolones
Nitrofurans
Rifampins
Penicillins
Amoxicillin
Penicillin G
Ticarcillin
First generation Cephalosporins
cefazolin cephalexin (dogs)
Second generation cephalosporins
none used at uf
Third generation cephalosporins
Cefotaxime
Ceftiofur (SA and LA)
What are the major toxicities of aminoglycosides?
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Neurotoxicity
How do tetracyclines work?
Bacteriostatic - reversible inhibition of 30s
What drug MUST be followed with water in cats?
Doxycycline
What antibiotics are bacteriostatic with inhibition of 50s?
Phenicols
Macrolides
Lincosamides
Antibiotics that penetrate CNS
Chloramphenicol
Doxycycline
Metronidazole
Some 3rd gen cephalosporins