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Clin Sci 3 > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

Oesophagus function

A

Peristalsis
Called a bolus of food
Passage of food

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2
Q

Mouth function

A

Mechanical digestion

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3
Q

Small intestine function

A

Mechanical- segmentation and peristalsis
3 parts: duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Site of most absorption increased surface area and increase absorption

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4
Q

Large intestine function

A

Further absorption and passage of waste

Production of vitamins l

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5
Q

Liver function

A

Produces bile

First recognises what has been swallowed

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6
Q

Gall bladder function

A

Stores excess bile, contraction of bike allows delivery of bike into GI tract

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7
Q

Pancreas function

A

Secretes digestive enzymes

Regulation of bile secretion

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8
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty of swallowing
Mechanical of functioning obstruction of Oesophagus
Decrease in muscle tone and peristaltic function

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9
Q

Gastroesophageal reflux

A

Regurgitation of chyme from stomach into the Oesophagus normally due to sphincter malfunction

Will affect mucus membrane and muscle

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10
Q

Oesophageal diverticulum

A

Outpouching of Oesophagus (trapped food)
Can lead to dysphagia and regurgitation
2 types- sliding and paraoesphageal

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11
Q

Pyloric obstruction

A

Narrowing/blockage of pylorus due to congenital defect, tumor, peptic/duodenum ulcers

Ss: epigastric fullness, nausea, epigastric pain

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12
Q

Diverticulosis

A

Prevents normal movement of chyme in GI
Usually mechanical
Can be complete or incomplete

Can impair blood supply

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13
Q

Maldigestion

A

Failure of chemical process of digestion

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14
Q

Malabsorption

A

Failure of intestinal absorption

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15
Q

Pancreatic insufficiency

A

Insufficient enzyme production carb fat protein digestion

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16
Q

Lactose enzyme deficiency

A

Inhibits lactose breakdown into mono carbs

Develops in adulthood

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17
Q

Bile salt deficiency

A

Necessary for fat digestion caused by malabsorption

Inadequate secretion of bike impaired reabsorption of bike salt due it ILEAL disease

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18
Q

Gastritis

A

Inflammation of gastric mucosa

2types
Fundal-degeneration of fundus and stomach mucosa
Antral- caused by H. pylori

19
Q

Peptic ulcers

A

Acidic component that is causative in disease progression

Mucosal ulceration of stomach/duodenum

Can effect one or more layers

20
Q

3 types of peptic ulcers

A

Duodenal-increase gastrin and increase HCL, most common , pain when stomach is empty

Gastric- gastric secretion normal or decrease, pain after eating

Stress- develops after stress and trauma due to ischaemia

21
Q

Liver- portal hypertension

A

Caused by increased resistance to venous flow in portal, sinusoid, hepatic vein due to obstruction of blood flow

Can be pre hepatic, intra hepatic, post hepatic

22
Q

Oesophageal varices

A

Chronic bleeding from varices due to erosion by gastric acid, Increase venous pressure leads to hemorrhage

23
Q

Ascites

A

Accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity caused by cirrhosis, congenital heart failure, pancreatitis

Fluid is trapped cannot escape due to HT, decrease plasma protein- oedema-NA+ and H2o retention

24
Q

Hepatic encephalopathy

A

Inflammation of brain tissue due to biochemical alterations that affect neurotransmission

Complex neurological syndrome
Characterised by impaired cerebral function, ECG changes, confusion, coma/death

25
Q

Stomach function

A

Called chyme
Breakdown of proteins
3 regions
Peristalsis and mechanical churning

26
Q

Colitis

A

Ulceration of the colonic mucosa from colon-rectum

Caused by dietary, genetics, inflammation, immune mediated

27
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

Chronic inflamm causing ulceration, abcess formation and necrosis of colonic/rectum mucosa

28
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

Affects large/small intestines

Skip lesions of SI
Ulceration involves all layers of lumen

29
Q

Diverticulosis

A

Presence of outpouching

30
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Inflamm of diverticula

31
Q

Diverticular disease

A

Outpouching of colonic mucosa through muscle layers of colon wall

32
Q

Appendicitis

A

Inflammation of appendix

33
Q

Polyps

A

Benign growth into lumen of large intestines

Neoplastic- proliferation of crypt cells
Non-neoplastic- raised lesions on colonic mucosa

34
Q

Haemorrhoids

A

Dilation of venous plexus surrounding rectal/anal areas

Due to constipation and pregnancy

35
Q

Jaundice

A

Yellow pigmentation of skin of sclera of eyes due to hyperbilirubinemia

Disorder of bile ducts and liver cells

36
Q

Hepatorenal syndrome

A

Functional kidney failure caused by advanced liver disease with portal hypertension

Renal failure caused by decrease to blood flow to kidneys usually due to massive GI haemorrhage or liver failure

37
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Irreversible inflamm disease

Disrupts liver structure and function

38
Q

Viral hepatitis

A

Inflamm of liver with necrosis of hepatocytes

39
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Inflammation of the pancreas

Can be chronic and acute

40
Q

Choleithiasis

A

Formation of gallstones which can lead to inflammation

Two types cholesterol and pigment

41
Q

Cholecystitis

A

Acute/chronic inflamm of gallbladder/cystic duct

Occurs due to gallstone in cystic duct
GB becomes distended/inflamed with pain

42
Q

GORD

A

Heartburn and regurgitation

43
Q

Causes of high gi bleeds

A 
Esophagitis
Cancer
Gastric ulcer
Varices
Reflux
44
Q

Causes of low GI bleeds

A

Diverticulosis
Colitis
Cancer
Haemorrhoids

Clin Sci 3 (6 decks)

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