GI-4

Question 1

What is the most common infectious cause of inflammatory bowel diseases?

Answer 1

Viral enterocolitis/gastroenteritis

Question 2

How is bacterial enterocolitis treated?

Answer 2

Broad-spectrum antibiotics

Question 3

What is the most common infectious disease the hospitalizes patients and what causes it?

Answer 3

Pseudomembranous colitis, caused by c difficile

Question 4

What are 2 non-infectious/idiopathic causes of bowel disease?

Answer 4

Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s

Question 5

Ulcerative colitis begins in what region and ends in?

Answer 5

Rectum and ends in the cecum

Question 6

What is usually spared in ulcerative colitis? This separates it from?

Answer 6

The anus and terminal ileum

Crohn’s Disease

Question 7

Flukes cause what illness?

Answer 7

Schistosomiasis

Question 8

Entameba histlolytica causes? This leads to ulcers in?

Answer 8

Amebiasis

Ulcers around the ileocecal valve

Question 9

What kind of cell is characteristic of giardia?

Answer 9

Owl eye cell

Question 10

What are the 3 key characteristics of amebiasis?

Answer 10

1. Flask shaped ulcer
2. Erythrophagocytosis
3. Amoebic abscesses in the liver

Question 11

In ulcerative colitis, the disease is horizontal or vertical?
What is toxic megacolon?

Answer 11

Horizontal

Toxic megacolon in when there is a massive buildup of gas in the transverse colon that can lead to peritonitis

Question 12

How is Crohn’s different from ulcerative colitis?

Answer 12

Vertical, discontinuous with skip areas of unaffected tissue

Question 13

What type of ulcer is seen in Crohn’s?

Answer 13

Discrete pathos that can lead to fissures and fistulas

Question 14

What can form around the ileocecal valve in half of Crohn’s cases?

Answer 14

Focal granulomas

Question 15

What appears in Crohn’s disease that is seen in sarcoidosis?

Answer 15

Sarcoid-like granulomas

Question 16

Crohn’s can involve what two areas that are not involved in ulcerative colitis?

Answer 16

Anus and small intestine

Question 17

What antibodies are seen in UC and CD?

Answer 17

UC see ANCA autoantibodies

CD see antibodies to Saccharomyces cervisiae

Question 18

Pain in joints or arthalgias are seen in UC or CD?

Answer 18

Both

Question 19

Which UC or CD causes a higher risk of colon cancer?

Answer 19

UC

Question 20

There is a higher risk of what in CD?

Answer 20

Anal and ileal disease

Question 21

What is the most common kind of non-neoplastic polyp?

Answer 21

Hyperplastic

Question 22

What are the two kinds of neoplastic polyps?

Answer 22

Adenoma and lymphomas

Question 23

Familial adenomatous polyposis is called what when found in the colorectal area?

Answer 23

Gardener’s syndrome

Question 24

How is Peutz-Jeghers inherited and what gene is affected?

Answer 24

Autosomal dominant mutation of STK11

Question 25

Peutz-Jeghers causes? Where does cancer develop?

Answer 25

Hamartomatous polyps with no malignant potential in the small intestine, stomach, and colon Develops near the polyps not in it unlike FAP

Question 26

How does peutz-jeghers present itself orally?

Answer 26

Peri-oral pigmentation or freckles

Question 27

What 2 molecular events predispose a person to adenocarcinoma of the colorectal?

Answer 27

APC pathway and microsatellite instability

Question 28

What is APC pathway and it may be inherited with?

Answer 28

Chromosomal instability that is inherited with FAP

Question 29

What is micro satellite instability and what is it inherited with?

Answer 29

DNA mismatch repair that is inherited with Lynch Syndrome

Question 30

When does obstruction occur in adenocarcinoma of the colon?

Answer 30

When the cancer is in the transverse or left colon

Question 31

In adenocarcinoma of the rectum barium will show?

Answer 31

Apple core stricture

Question 32

Carcinoid tumors are derived from? They often cause?

Answer 32

Neuroendocrine cells, intussception because they occur near the ileocecal valve

Question 33

What 2 things can cause acute pancreatitis?

Answer 33

Alcoholism and gallstones

Question 34

How do alcohol and gall stones cause pancreatitis?

Answer 34

Alcohol can change the viscosity of the secretions and the enzymes get stuck and activated within the pancreas itself

Question 35

Acute pancreatitis can lead to what more severe conditions?

Answer 35

Generalized systemic inflammation, vasodilation and permeability, shock and adult respiratory distress

Question 36

What is chronic pancreatitis?

Answer 36

Repeated bouts of mild to moderate inflammation

Question 37

Over time chronic pancreatitis leads to?

Answer 37

Fibrosis and fewer enzymes produced leading to malabsorption

Question 38

What mutations are associated with pancreatic tumors?

Answer 38

Kras and p53

Question 39

Pancreatic endocrine tumors are derived from? What happens when there are beta cell tumors?

Answer 39

Islet cells beta cell tumors leads to insulin hyper secretion and hypoglycemia

Question 40

When does pancreatic cancer present itself?

Answer 40

Only once the patient has severe pain or metastasis

Question 41

What is the triad of symptoms seen in pancreatic tumors?

Answer 41

Attacks of hypoglycemia, precipitated by fasting, CNS symptoms