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Systemic Pathology Test 2 > GI-4 > Flashcards

GI-4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common infectious cause of inflammatory bowel diseases?

A

Viral enterocolitis/gastroenteritis

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2
Q

How is bacterial enterocolitis treated?

A

Broad-spectrum antibiotics

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3
Q

What is the most common infectious disease the hospitalizes patients and what causes it?

A

Pseudomembranous colitis, caused by c difficile

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4
Q

What are 2 non-infectious/idiopathic causes of bowel disease?

A

Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s

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5
Q

Ulcerative colitis begins in what region and ends in?

A

Rectum and ends in the cecum

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6
Q

What is usually spared in ulcerative colitis? This separates it from?

A

The anus and terminal ileum

Crohn’s Disease

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7
Q

Flukes cause what illness?

A

Schistosomiasis

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8
Q

Entameba histlolytica causes? This leads to ulcers in?

A

Amebiasis

Ulcers around the ileocecal valve

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9
Q

What kind of cell is characteristic of giardia?

A

Owl eye cell

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10
Q

What are the 3 key characteristics of amebiasis?

A
  1. Flask shaped ulcer
  2. Erythrophagocytosis
  3. Amoebic abscesses in the liver
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11
Q

In ulcerative colitis, the disease is horizontal or vertical?
What is toxic megacolon?

A

Horizontal

Toxic megacolon in when there is a massive buildup of gas in the transverse colon that can lead to peritonitis

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12
Q

How is Crohn’s different from ulcerative colitis?

A

Vertical, discontinuous with skip areas of unaffected tissue

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13
Q

What type of ulcer is seen in Crohn’s?

A

Discrete pathos that can lead to fissures and fistulas

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14
Q

What can form around the ileocecal valve in half of Crohn’s cases?

A

Focal granulomas

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15
Q

What appears in Crohn’s disease that is seen in sarcoidosis?

A

Sarcoid-like granulomas

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16
Q

Crohn’s can involve what two areas that are not involved in ulcerative colitis?

A

Anus and small intestine

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17
Q

What antibodies are seen in UC and CD?

A

UC see ANCA autoantibodies

CD see antibodies to Saccharomyces cervisiae

18
Q

Pain in joints or arthalgias are seen in UC or CD?

A

Both

19
Q

Which UC or CD causes a higher risk of colon cancer?

A

UC

20
Q

There is a higher risk of what in CD?

A

Anal and ileal disease

21
Q

What is the most common kind of non-neoplastic polyp?

A

Hyperplastic

22
Q

What are the two kinds of neoplastic polyps?

A

Adenoma and lymphomas

23
Q

Familial adenomatous polyposis is called what when found in the colorectal area?

A

Gardener’s syndrome

24
Q

How is Peutz-Jeghers inherited and what gene is affected?

A

Autosomal dominant mutation of STK11

25
Q

Peutz-Jeghers causes? Where does cancer develop?

A

Hamartomatous polyps with no malignant potential in the small intestine, stomach, and colon

Develops near the polyps not in it unlike FAP

26
Q

How does peutz-jeghers present itself orally?

A

Peri-oral pigmentation or freckles

27
Q

What 2 molecular events predispose a person to adenocarcinoma of the colorectal?

A

APC pathway and microsatellite instability

28
Q

What is APC pathway and it may be inherited with?

A

Chromosomal instability that is inherited with FAP

29
Q

What is micro satellite instability and what is it inherited with?

A

DNA mismatch repair that is inherited with Lynch Syndrome

30
Q

When does obstruction occur in adenocarcinoma of the colon?

A

When the cancer is in the transverse or left colon

31
Q

In adenocarcinoma of the rectum barium will show?

A

Apple core stricture

32
Q

Carcinoid tumors are derived from? They often cause?

A

Neuroendocrine cells, intussception because they occur near the ileocecal valve

33
Q

What 2 things can cause acute pancreatitis?

A

Alcoholism and gallstones

34
Q

How do alcohol and gall stones cause pancreatitis?

A

Alcohol can change the viscosity of the secretions and the enzymes get stuck and activated within the pancreas itself

35
Q

Acute pancreatitis can lead to what more severe conditions?

A

Generalized systemic inflammation, vasodilation and permeability, shock and adult respiratory distress

36
Q

What is chronic pancreatitis?

A

Repeated bouts of mild to moderate inflammation

37
Q

Over time chronic pancreatitis leads to?

A

Fibrosis and fewer enzymes produced leading to malabsorption

38
Q

What mutations are associated with pancreatic tumors?

A

Kras and p53

39
Q

Pancreatic endocrine tumors are derived from? What happens when there are beta cell tumors?

A

Islet cells

beta cell tumors leads to insulin hyper secretion and hypoglycemia

40
Q

When does pancreatic cancer present itself?

A

Only once the patient has severe pain or metastasis

41
Q

What is the triad of symptoms seen in pancreatic tumors?

A

Attacks of hypoglycemia, precipitated by fasting, CNS symptoms

Systemic Pathology Test 2 (10 decks)

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