GI-2

Question 1

Congenital pyloric stenosis is AKA?

Answer 1

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Question 2

When does congenital pyloric stenosis present itself and what is the cause?

Answer 2

Presents itself by the end of the 1st month and has an unknown cause,first born

Question 3

How does CPS present itself and how is it treated?

Answer 3

Presents as projectile vomiting and is treated by pyloromyotomy

Question 4

Acute gastritis is characterized by what cell?

Answer 4

Neutrophils

Question 5

Chronic gastritis is characterized by what cells?

Answer 5

Plasma cells and lymphocytes

Question 6

H. pylori is associated with acute or chronic gastritis?

Answer 6

Chronic

Question 7

Who is allergic acute gastritis seen in?

Answer 7

Children and young adults

Question 8

How does allergic gastritis present itself? How is it treated

Answer 8

Vomiting, diarrhea, failure to thrive. Treated with steroids and diet modification

Question 9

What is the histologic landmark of allergic gastritis?

Answer 9

Tissue marked with eosinophils

Question 10

H. pylori uses what enzyme to neutralize acid?

Answer 10

Urease

Question 11

In autoimmune atrophic gastritis, antibodies are made to what cell?

Answer 11

Parietal cells

Question 12

The fundus takes on the appearance of?

Answer 12

The antrum

Question 13

What are the 4 causes of gastropathy?

Answer 13

Alcohol
GERD
NSAIDS
Bile reflux from duodenum

Question 14

What is peptic ulcer disease?

Answer 14

Chronic ulcers of the 1st part of the duodenum or the distal stomach (astral/pyloric)

Question 15

The major cause of peptic ulcer disease is?

Answer 15

H. pylori ***see slide 22

Question 16

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome can lead to what tumors?

Answer 16

Tumors in the pancreatic islet cells in the pancreas or GI system that secrete gastrin

Question 17

The excess gastrin leads to?

Answer 17

Increased acid production and ulcers

Question 18

What are the 3 most common types of gastric cancer?

Answer 18

1. Lymphoma
2. Adenocarcinoma involving glandular epithelial cells
3. GIST or gastrointestinal stromal tumor

Question 19

What causes gastric cancer?

Answer 19

Anything that injures the stomach such as H. pylori or dietary factors

Question 20

What are two genetic factors that can cause gastric cancer?

Answer 20

HNPCC or hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer

FAP familial adenomatous polyposis

Question 21

Describe HNPCC?

Answer 21

Syndrome that causes defective replication of DNA leading to adenocarcinoma in stomach and mostly colon

Question 22

Describe FAP

Answer 22

Deactivates tumor suppressor genes, seen again mainly in colon cancer but also gastric

Question 23

How does signet ring-cell carcinoma grow?

Answer 23

In a diffuse manner unlike regular adenocarcinoma which grows as a discrete mass

Question 24

What type of lymphoma is common to the GI tract?

Answer 24

MALT, type of B-cell lymphoma

Question 25

GIST comes from what cells?

Answer 25

Interstitial cells of Cajal, can occur anywhere in the GI tract but usually in the stomach

Question 26

Is GIST always malignant?

Answer 26

All gists have malignant potential but aren’t necessarily malignant

Question 27

What are bezoars?

Answer 27

Accumulations of foreign material in the stomach that form concretions

Question 28

How can you get bezoars?

Answer 28

Surgery with outlet obstruction or spontaneously

Question 29

What cells are present in the fundus and what do they make?

Answer 29

Parietal cells secrete acid and chief cells make pepsin

Question 30

What cells are present in the antrum that make gastrin?

Answer 30

G cells

Question 31

What is a common consequence of chronic gastritis?

Answer 31

Intestinal metaplasia