Female Reproductive diseases

Question 1

The exocervix and endocervix are covered with what tissues?

Answer 1

The exocervix is covered with stratified squamous epithelium and the endocervix is covered with columnar epithelium

Question 2

The columnar epithelium is responsible for?

Answer 2

Cervical mucous secretion

Question 3

Describe the nucleus of cells in the exocervix.

Answer 3

Small nuclei with a lot of cytoplasm

Question 4

What is the transformation zone?

Answer 4

The area between the original SC junction and the current one, this is where cancers occur

Question 5

How is the SC junction viewed?

Answer 5

Colposcopy

Question 6

What causes polyps?

Answer 6

Trauma, spotting or post-coital bleeding

Question 7

Post-coital bleeding is a red flag for?

Answer 7

Cervical cancer

Question 8

Who gets cervicitis? What conditions make it worse?

Answer 8

Any woman that has had sex. STDS make it worse

Question 9

Presence of pus (mucopurulent cervicitis_ in the cervix usually indicates?

Answer 9

Gonorrhea or chlamydia

Question 10

HPV 6 and 1 1 cause?

Answer 10

Condyloma, low risk, warts

Question 11

HPV 16 and 18 cause?

Answer 11

Cervical disease, high risk

Question 12

What are 3 problems caused by gonorrhea and chlamydia?

Answer 12

1. Ectopic pregnancy
2. Pelvic inflammatory disease
3. Infertility

Question 13

What is trichomonad vaginalis?

Answer 13

A protozoa that causes strawberry cervix

Question 14

When HPV is found in cancers it is often?

Answer 14

Integrated into the host DNA

Question 15

The ability of HPV to act as a carcinogen depends on? Why?

Answer 15

Viral proteins E6 and E7, these interfere with activity of tumor suppressor proteins

Question 16

The contagious form of HPV that produces warts presents as?

Answer 16

Episomal or nonintegrated

Question 17

Histologically HPV is marked by the presence of?

Answer 17

Koilocytes and raisinoid nuclei

Question 18

What is a marker for dysplasia? Marker of high risk HPV?

Answer 18

Ki67 and p16 respectively

Question 19

Which 2 forms of HPV account for most cervical cancers?

Answer 19

16 and 18

Question 20

Infections last longer with low or high risk HPV?

Answer 20

High

Question 21

What happens to most cases of low risk?

Answer 21

Revert to normal

Question 22

What happens to most cases of high risk?

Answer 22

They persist

Question 23

Is the pap smear a good diagnostic test?

Answer 23

No

Question 24

High grade dysplasia appears how histologically?

Answer 24

Large nuclei with mouse bite irregularities. The nuclei are dark due to large amounts of chromatin

Question 25

Most cervical caners are?

Answer 25

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 26

What cells are used for research that were made from cervical cancer?

Answer 26

HeLa cells

Question 27

What measurements are used to determine staging?

Answer 27

Depth and width