GI

Question 1

3 Salivary glands

Answer 1

1) parotid
2) submandibular- lower jaw
3) sublingual- under tongue

Question 2

What carbohydrate digestive enzyme is in saliva?

Answer 2

amylase

Question 3

what lipid digestive enzyme is in saliva?

Answer 3

lipase

Question 4

gastric juice is most significant in …… digestion

Answer 4

protein

Question 5

how much gastric juice is produced per day?

Answer 5

2-3L

Question 6

What pH is gastric juice? How does is the stomach protected from this?

Answer 6

1-3 = high acidity.

alkaline mucous protects the epithelium from low pH/high acidity

Question 7

Parietal cells secrete ……. & ………

Answer 7

1) HCL= kills microorganisms, promotes bile & pancreatic juice, activates pepsinogen
2) intrinsic factor= required for b12 absorption

Question 8

Chief cells secrete …. & …….

Answer 8

1) pepsinogen (pepsin converts to pepsinogen when met with acidic environment) converts to protease pepsin = breaks proteins into peptides
2) gastric lipase= breaks triglycerides into fatty acids

Question 9

G cells secrete

Answer 9

gastrin= stimulates HCL

Extra effects of gastrin:
- pyloric sphincter relaxation
- reduced oesophageal contraction
- gastric motility
- stimulates chief cells to secrete pepsinogen

Question 10

how often does the stomach empty?

Answer 10

2-4 hrs

Question 11

Bile is produced by:

Answer 11

hepatocytes

Question 12

how much bile is produced per day?

Answer 12

1L

Question 13

where is excess bile stored?

Answer 13

gall bladder

Question 14

bile salts aid in:

Answer 14

emulsification of lipids

Question 15

Where does bile get its yellowy-green pigment from?

Answer 15

bilirubin from heam breakdown

Question 16

Where does most absorption take place?

Answer 16

the small intestine

Question 17

goblet cells produce

Answer 17

mucous

Question 18

Secretin is stimulated by:

Answer 18

gastric acid
- released when the acidic content enters the duodenum
- it decreases HCL
- increases bicarbonate in pancreatic juice to neutralise the acid in small intestine. Neutralising= best environment for digestive enzymes

Question 19

Gastric Inhibitory peptide …….. stomach acid secretion and induces ……. secretion.

Answer 19

decreases, insulin

Question 19

cholesytokinin (CCK) is stimulated by ….. acids and ……. acids.

Answer 19

fatty acids & amino

• inhibits stomach emptying
• reduces hunger= promotes satiety
• increases digestive enzymes
• increases stomach motililty

Question 19

how long does passage through the small intestine take?

Answer 19

5 hrs

Question 20

What is the name of the lymphatic capillary that absorbs fats in the villi of the small intestine?

Answer 20

lacteal

Question 21

can amino acids and monosaccharides travel through blood capillaires?

Answer 21

yes- they are small enough

Question 22

carbs are digested as:

Answer 22

monosaccharides

Question 23

proteins are absorbed across the ……… surface as ……… or di/tri………

Answer 23

apical, peptides

Question 24

what do lipids package into before travelling through lacteals?

Answer 24

chylomicrons

Question 25

what vitamin absorption is important to prevent blood-clotting?

Answer 25

Vitamin K