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Adult Health I > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

What is GERD

A

Gastro esophageal reflux disease
When stomach acid backflows into esophagus

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2
Q

What are manifestations of GERD?

A

Heartburn
Dental problems
Esophagitis
Failure to thrive
Regurgitation
Flatulence
Difficulty swallowing
Vomiting
Dry throat

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3
Q

What types of medications are used for GERD?

A

Proton pump inhibitors (omeprazole)
H2 blockers (ranitidine)
Antacids (hydroxide)

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4
Q

What are nursing management options for GERD?

A

Medication
Positioning (not laying down for 2 hours after eating)
Diet (low acid, low spice, high fiber, small frequent meals)

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5
Q

What are foods bad for acid reflux?

A

Coffee
Alcohols
Fast food
Soda
Chocolate
Garlic
Onions
Tomato’s
Citrus
Peppermint
Spice
Dairy

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6
Q

What are good foods for acid reflux?

A

Ginger
Leafy greens
Brown rice
Coconut
Celery
Berries
Melon
Banana
Fennel
Avocados
Apple
Pears

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7
Q

What are nursing goals for GERD?

A

Improve nutrition
Relieve pain
Prevent aspiration
Enforce health education
Relieve anxiety prevent injury

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8
Q

What are proton pump inhibitors?

A

They reduce gastric acid by inhibiting the cellular pump of gastric parietal cells

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9
Q

What is sub word for proton pump inhibitors?

A

“Zole”

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10
Q

What is a precaution to remember about PPIs?

A

Long term use can increase risk for fractures

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11
Q

What are antacids?

A

Neutralize excess acid
Increase LES (lower esophageal sphincter) pressure

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12
Q

When should antacids be taken?

A

When acid secretion is at its highest (1-3 hrs after eating and at bedtime)

Do not take any other meds before or after by 1 hour

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13
Q

What is a H2 receptor antagonists?

A

Reduces secretion of acids (longer onset than antacids, but longer effects)

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14
Q

What is sub word for H2 blockers?

A

“Ine”
Ranitidine
Famotidine
Cimetidine
Nixatidine

Think histaMINE - ends in INE (eene)

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15
Q

What is important to know about H2 blockers?

A

Use cautiously with kidney disease
Take with meals and at bedtime
Do not take with antacids for 1 he

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16
Q

What are prokinetics?

A

Increased mobility of esophagus and stomach

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17
Q

What is the main prokinetic?

A

Metoclopramide

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18
Q

What is a peptic under?

A

An excavation that forms in the mucosal wall of the stomach, in pylorus, in duodenum or esophagus

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19
Q

What are the different types of peptic ulcers?

A

Gastric
Duodenal
Esophageal

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20
Q

What are different things that cause peptic ulcers?

A

H pylori
NSAIDs and Salicylates
Illnesses (pancreatitis, hepatic disease, Crohn’s disease, ect)
Excessive HCl
Irritants
Blood type (O is more likely)

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21
Q

What are the manifestations of a peptic ulcer?

A

Pain
pyrosis (heartburn)
Vomiting
Constipation and diarrhea
Bleeding

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22
Q

What are medical management options to treat peptic ulcers?

A

Pharmacological
Stress reduction
Rest
Smoking cessation
Diet changes

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23
Q

What is chronic gastritis?

A

Similar etiology and management to GERD and PUD

24
Q

What diet is recommended for gallbladder disease

A

Low fat
Calorie restricted
High protein

25
Q

What diet is recommended for diarrhea

A

Liquid
Low fiber
Regular
Fluid and electrolyte replacement

26
Q

What type of diet is recommended for constipation

A

High fiber
Increase fluids

27
Q

What type of diet is recommended for peptic ulcer?

A

Bland

28
Q

What type of diet is recommended for hypertension, HF, CAD?

A

Low salt
Calorie restricted
Fat controlled

29
Q

What are manifestations of diarrhea?

A

Increased frequency
Increased fluid in stools
Abdominal cramps
Distention
Borborygmus (hear stomach noises)
Anorexia/thirst
Painful spasms of anus
Tenesmus (cramping pain in rectal area)

30
Q

What are complications of diarrhea?

A

Electrolyte and fluid imbalance
Dehydration
Dysrhthmias
Skin issues (rash)

31
Q

What are manifestations of fecal incontinence?

A

Minor soiling
Occasional urgency
Loss of control
Complete incontinence

32
Q

What are pt learning needs for fecal incontinence?

A

Bowel training program
Skin care
Emotional support

33
Q

What is IBS

A

Chronic functional disorder that has recurrent abdominal pain with disordered bowl movements (diarrhea or constipation)

34
Q

What are manifestations of IBS

A

Alteration in bowl
Pain
Bloating
Abdominal distention

35
Q

What are treatments for IBS?

A

Medication
Complimentary meds
Diet changes
Avoid dairy
Drink fluids
Avoid alcohol
Smoking sessation
Relaxation techniques

36
Q

What are manifestations of celiac disease?

A

Diarrhea
Steatorrhea
Abdominal pain
Abdominal distention
Flatulence
Weight loss

37
Q

What is appendicitis?

A

Appendix becomes inflamed and edematous

Inflammation increases pressure causing edema and obstruction of orifice

Once obstructed- appendix becomes ischemic, bacterial overgrowth occurs, and eventually gangrene or perforation occurs

38
Q

What is diverticular disease?

A

Sac like herniation of lining of bowel that extends through a defect in the muscle layer

39
Q

What is diverticu- Losis?

A

Multiple diverticula without inflammation

40
Q

What is diverticu-litis?

A

Infection and inflammation of diverticula

41
Q

What is the most common site for diverticula ?

A

Sigmoid colon

42
Q

What are manifestations of colorectal cancer?

A

Change in bowl habits
Blood in stool (occult, tarry, bleeding, tenesmus)
Obstruction; pain, feeling of incomplete evacuation

43
Q

What are different anorectal conditions?

A

Proctits
Anorectal abscess
Anal fistula
Anal fissure
Hemorrhoid
Pilonidal sinus or cyst

44
Q

What are nursing interventions for a ot with Anorectal condition such as fistula, fissure, hemorrhoid, etc)

A

2L of water per day
High fiber food
Bulk laxatives
Stool softener
Topical meds
Promote peeing a lot
Hygiene and sitz baths
Monitor for complications
Educate on self care

45
Q

What is ulcerative colitis?

A

Edema and inflammation in rectum and rectosigmoid colon

46
Q

What can ulcerative colitis lead to?

A

Obstruction
Colin cancer
Pernicious anemia

47
Q

What is chron’s disease?

A

Inflammation and ulceration of entire GI tract (mouth to anus)

All bowl layers are involved and Lesions and fistulas are more likely

48
Q

What can chrohns disease lead to?

A

Malabsorption and malnutrition

49
Q

What is diverticulitis?

A

Inflammation and infection of bowel mucosa caused by bacteria, food, or fecal matter trapped in diverticula

50
Q

What are expected findings with ulcerative colitis?

A

Abdominal pain/cramping
Left lower quadrant
Anorexia
Weight loss
Fever
Diarrhea
Stools may have: mucus, blood, or pus
Abdominal distention
Abdominal tenderness / firmness
High pitched bowel sounds
Rectal bleeding

51
Q

How many stools per day with ulcerative colitis?

A

15-20 liquid stools

52
Q

What are expected findings with Crohn’s disease?

A

Abdominal pain/cramping
Right lower quadrant
Anorexia
Weight loss
Fever
Diarrhea
Abdominal distention
Abdominal tenderness / firmness
High bitched bowel sounds
Steatorrhea (fat in poop)

53
Q

How many stools per day with Crohn’s disease?

A

5 loose stools w/ mucus or puss no blood

54
Q

What are expected findings for diverticulitis?

A

Acute onset of abdominal pain
Lower left quadrant
N/V
Fever
Chills
Tachy
Abdominal distention

55
Q

What medications are used to treat UC and Crohns?

A

5-aminosaliclic acids (anti inflammatory meds)

Corticosteroids

Immunosuppressants

Immunomodulators

Antidiarrheal

56
Q

What are 5-aminosalicylic acids?

A

Anti-inflammatory meds

Sumfonamides

Adult Health I (10 decks)

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