Final Flashcards
What is cultural competence?
An attitude of openness, respect for, and curiosity about different cultures, values, and traditions
Involves consideration and critical analysis of health disparities an attempt to make nursing adequate among all cultures
What is cross-cultural or transcultural nursing?
Any encounter a nurse has with a patient from a different culture
What is institutional, cultural competence?
When a company has the capacity to:
Value diversity
Conduct self-assessment
Manage dynamics
Acquire knowledge
Adapt to diversity
What is cultural humility?
Acknowledging that everyone’s views are culturally influenced
And that our own personal beliefs are not better than others
What is cultural safety?
Culturally appropriate health services to disadvantaged groups
While maintaining dignity and avoiding institutional racism, assimilationist and repressive practices
What is ethnocentrism?
And assumptions that everyone shares your cultural views, and/or you believe your culture is superior to others
What is subculture?
Group, sharing some practices, language, or other characteristics in common within a larger society that does not share those characteristics
Example: high school is the larger society, subculture would be the different clicks: goth, athletes, theater, etc
Example 2: race - it is a social construct, not a biologic entity
What is a health disparity?
Significant gap and health status between overall American population and people of specific ethnic backgrounds
Examples are people of different, ethnic backgrounds are more prone to comorbidities, such as cancer, heart disease, diabetes, HIV, AIDS, etc
What does Leininger’s theory include regarding transcultural nursing?
-culture care accommodation
-culture care restructuring
-Acculturation
-Cultural blindness
-Cultural imposition
-Cultural taboos
What are legislative issues regarding end of life?
DNR orders
Advanced directives
Assisted suicide legislation
Living will
Proxy directive
Durable power of attorney
What are the different awareness context regarding death and dying?
Closed - patient is unaware of the terminal state, but others are aware
Suspended - patient suspects what others know, and attempts to find out details about their condition
Mutual pretense - patient, family and healthcare professionals are aware the patient is dying, but pretend otherwise
Open - patient family and healthcare professionals are aware the patient is dying and open the acknowledge the reality
Where are the different settings that palliative care can take place?
Hospital
Skilled nursing facility
Outpatient
What is hospice care?
Group of professional caregivers and coordinated programs to help take care of patients with serious progressive illnesses with no cure
Hospice care is anticipated for no more than six months
What is managed her in hospice care?
Pain management
Patient support
Family support
Home care of dying
Bereavement
Research and education
Spiritual
Services
Supplies (bed, wheelchair, Walker, air tank, etc)
Where can hospice services be provided?
Home
Hospital
Nursing home
Hospice home setting
Assisted living
What are the four levels of hospice care?
1) routine home care
2) inpatient respite care (caregiver break)
3) continuous care
4) general and patient care
What is an advance directive?
Written document that allows competent people to document their preference regarding:
-use of medical treatment at end of life
-Specifically their preferred setting for care
-Communicate other valuable insight into their values and beliefs
What are proxy directives?
Appointment and authorization of another person, to make medical decisions on behalf of the person who created the advance directive when he or she can no longer speak for him or herself.
What is the death vigil?
(Signs death is coming)
Withdrawal
Sleeping longer
Somnolent
Increased intervals between respirations
Decrease blood pressure
Mottling of the skin
What is grief?
Personal feelings that accompany an anticipated or actual loss
What is mourning?
Individual, family, group, and culture expression of grief and associated behaviors
What is bereavement?
Period of time during which morning of a loss takes place
What are nursing interventions when death is imminent
-Decisions about level of care
-Comfort measures only
-Advance directives
-Artificial nutrition and hydration
-CPR?
-euthanasia and physician assisted suicide?
Will a dying patient go through all of the grieving steps in order?
No, they may go through one or all, may go out of order, and may return to one in a later time