GF 3

Question 1

statements that attempt to explain and predict behavior

Answer 1

Theories

Question 2

hypothetical attributes such as motivation or attraction

Answer 2

Constructs

Question 3

measures the construct by measuring an observable, external behavior

Answer 3

Operational definition

Question 4

prediction about the relationship between 2 or more constructs

Answer 4

Conceptual hypothesis

Question 5

specific prediction about the relationship between 2 precisely defined constructs

Answer 5

Operational hypothesis

Question 6

the degree to which the measurement procedure accurately measures the variable it’s supposed to measure

Answer 6

Validity

Question 7

What determines the quality of a measurement procedure?

Answer 7

Validity and reliability

Question 8

the consistency of a measurement

Answer 8

Reliability

Question 9

when, on the surface, a measurement seems to be valid

Answer 9

Face validity

Question 10

when a new measurement is accepted as valid because it reflects the results of a similar “gold standard”, well-established measurement

Answer 10

Concurrent validity

Question 11

when a measurement actually predicts the behavior caused by the construct

Answer 11

Predictive validity

Question 12

Negative relationship

Answer 12

still shows a consistent concurrent relationship, near -1

Question 13

when the measurement items accurately reflect the content of the construct

Answer 13

Content validity

Question 14

when every measurement procedure behaves in the same way as everything we know about the construct

Answer 14

Construct validity

Question 15

What are 2 types of construct validity?

Answer 15

Divergent and convergent

Question 16

when we see that 2 measurements measure the same construct

Answer 16

Convergent validity

Question 17

when we see that 1 measurement measures 2 different things

Answer 17

Divergent validity

Question 18

What are ways to improve validity?

Answer 18

Test re-test, multiple observers, physical measures, population estimates

Question 19

What are types of errors?

Answer 19

observer error, test characteristics, participant changes, environmental changes

Question 20

What are the 2 qualitative scales of measurement?

Answer 20

Nominal (can’t be put in order) and ordinal (can be put in order)

Question 21

What are the 2 quantitative scales of measurement?

Answer 21

Interval and ratio

Question 22

reliability measure where 2 different versions of an instrument are used for test re-test

Answer 22

Parallel-forms reliability

Question 23

the degree of agreement between 2 separate observers simultaneously recording experiments

Answer 23

Inter-rater reliability

Question 24

when researchers split a test in half and compute separate scores for each half to see if they have similar results

Answer 24

Split-half reliability

Question 25

the degree to which the measurement conforms to the established standard

Answer 25

Accuracy

Question 26

the lack of agreement between 2 measures

Answer 26

Desynchrony

Question 27

a type of range effect where measurements cluster around the high end of the scale

Answer 27

Ceiling effect

Question 28

a type of range effect where measurements cluster around the low end of the scale

Answer 28

Floor effect

Question 29

a non-natural feature accidentally introduced into the measurement that threatens its validity

Answer 29

Artifact

Question 30

a study where the experimenter does not know the predicted outcome

Answer 30

Single-blind research

Question 31

any potential cues that suggest the outcome to the participants or encourage them to behave a certain way

Answer 31

Demand characteristics