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CAX > get this shit down > Flashcards

get this shit down Flashcards

1
Q

aft cg effects

A

less stable, more fuel efficient, less drag, lower stall speed, bad stall recovery

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2
Q

forward cg effects

A

more stable, less fuel efficient, more drag, higher stall speed, good stall recovery

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3
Q

hypoxic

A

altitude hypoxia; lack of oxygen absorbed by the body due to atmospheric conditions

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4
Q

hypemic

A

occurs when blood is not able to carry a sufficient amount of oxygen to the body’s cells; caused by anemia, CO2 poisoning, blood loss, and deformed blood cells

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5
Q

stagnant

A

oxygen deficiency in the body due to the poor circulation of blood; can occur from pulling excessive Gs or extremely cold temperatures; may cause hyperventilation

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6
Q

histotoxic

A

the inability of the body to use oxygen; caused by drugs and pink whitney

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7
Q

hypoxia symptoms

A

euphoria, headache, drowsiness, blue fingernails and lips, impaired judgement

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8
Q

inversion illusion

A

abrupt change from a climb to straight and level can cause the illusion of tumbling backwards

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9
Q

coriolis illusion

A

when a pilot has been in a turn long enough that the body gets used to it so when pilot turns their head it can create the illusion of a rotation or movement on an entirely different axis; prevented by not making sudden head movements

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10
Q

elevator illusion

A

where an abrupt upward vertical acceleration, usually by an updraft, can create the illusion of being in a climb; the opposite occurs with a downdraft

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11
Q

false horizon

A

sloping cloud formations and obscure horizon (a dark scene spread with ground lights and stars and certain geometric patterns of ground light) can create the illusion of not being aligned correctly with the actual horizon

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12
Q

the leans

A

an abrupt correction of banked attitude which has been entered too slowly to stimulate the motion sensing system in the inner ear, can create the illusion of banking in the opposite direction

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13
Q

autokinesis

A

usually a night illusion; in the dark, a static light will appear to move about when stared at for many seconds

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14
Q

graveyard spiral

A

an observed loss of altitude during a coordinated constant rate turn that ceased stimulating the motion sensing system, can create the illusion of being in a descent with the wings level

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15
Q

somatographic illusion

A

a rapid acceleration during takeoff can create the illusion of being in a nose-up attitude; rapid deceleration can have the opposite effect

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16
Q

advection fog

A

moist air moves over colder surface; occurs over water and land

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17
Q

radiation fog (ground or valley fog)

A

occurs at night; radiation is emitted by the ground which cools the ground causing a temperature inversion; moist air near the ground then cools to its dew point

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18
Q

upslope fog

A

occurs when sloping terrain lifts air, cooling it to its saturation and dew point; usually forms at higher elevations

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19
Q

steam fog (arctic sea smoke)

A

forms when water vapor is added to air that is much colder then condenses into fog; most common near lakes and rivers when water is still warm

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20
Q

ice fog

A

composed of ice crystals instead of water droplets and forms in extremely cold; forms near human habitation where burning of hydrocarbon fuels adds large quantities of water vapor to the air; steam vents, motor vehicles, and jet exhausts

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21
Q

speed restriction below 10,000 MSL

A

no more than 250 kts

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22
Q

speed restriction at or below 2,500 AGL within 4 nm of the primary airport of a C or D airspace

A

no more than 200 kts

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23
Q

speed restriction under B airspace

A

no more than 200 kts

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24
Q

tailwheel endorsement

A

does not require a minimum number of hours; does not require ground knowledge

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25
Q

complex aircraft

A

retractable landing gear, controllable pitch prop, flaps

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26
Q

complex aircraft endorsement

A

ground and flight training

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27
Q

high performance aircraft

A

engine more than 200 hp

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28
Q

high performance endorsement

A

ground and flight training

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29
Q

high altitude aircraft

A

airplanes with a service ceiling or maximum operating altitude, whichever is lower, above 25,000 ft. MSL

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30
Q

high altitude endorsement

A

ground and flight training

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31
Q

magnetic compass errors

A

VDMONA: variation, deviation, magnetic dip, oscillation, north/south turn errors, acceleration errors

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32
Q

variation

A

magnetic north vs true north

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33
Q

deviation

A

instrument error

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34
Q

magnetic dip

A

causes the aircraft compass to give erroneous readings during banked turns when the magnetic detector picks up the vertical component of the magnetic field

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35
Q

oscillation

A

combination of all of the turning errors

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36
Q

north/south turning errors

A

undershoot north overshoot south

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37
Q

acceleration errors

A

accelerate north decelerate south

38
Q

Va

A

maneuvering speed; 98-113 kts

39
Q

Vs

A

stall speed clean configuration

40
Q

Vso

A

stall speed landing configuration; 45 kts

41
Q

Vs1

A

stall speed specific configuration; 50 kts

42
Q

Vx

A

best angle of climb; 64 kts

43
Q

Vy

A

best rate of climb; 76 kts

44
Q

Vr

A

rotate speed; 60 kts

45
Q

Vg

A

best glide speed; 76 kts

46
Q

Vfe

A

max flap extended speed; 102 kts

47
Q

Vno

A

max structural cruising speed; 125 kts

48
Q

Vne

A

never exceed speed; 154 kts

49
Q

detonation

A

uncontrolled, explosive ignition of the fuel-air mixture within the cylinder’s combustion chamber; lower fuel grade than recommended; engine operation at high manifold in conjunction with low rpm; high power settings with excessively lean mixture

50
Q

preignition

A

the fuel-air mixture ignites prior to the engine’s normal ignition event; residual hot spot in combustion chamber; loss of power and high operating temperatures

51
Q

spark plug fouling

A

low engine operating temperatures paired with too rich of a mixture

52
Q

magnetos

A

provides electrical current to the spark plug so it can ignite the fuel and air mixture; electrical current completely independent from the aircrafts electrical system; operates whenever the crankshaft is rotating

53
Q

fuel air mixture

A

ratio of the “weight” of the fuel to the “weight” of the air in the mixture to be burned

54
Q

constant speed prop

A

controllable pitch prop whose pitch is automatically varied by the governor; once an rpm is selected the governor automatically adjusts the prop blade

55
Q

parasite drag

A

drag caused by all of the aircrafts external components (besides wing)

56
Q

induced drag

A

by product of lift (newtons 3rd law)

57
Q

basic med limitations

A

no more than 6 occupants including the pilot, max cert takeoff weight no more than 6000, cannot carry more than 5 pax, operates VFR and IFR within the US, less than 18,000 ft, cannot go above 250 kts, cannot fly for comp or hire

58
Q

static stability

A

initial tendency or direction of movement back to equilibrium

59
Q

dynamic stability

A

initial tendency to return to equilibrium that the aircraft displays after being disturbed from its trimmed condition

60
Q

common carriage

A

holding out to the public as willing to furnish transportation within the limits of its facilities to any person who wants it; four elements are holding out of a willingness to transport persons or property from place to place for compensation; 18-24 contracts

61
Q

private carriage

A

carriage that does not involve holding out; sometimes called contract carriers; carriage for one or several selected customers generally on a long term basis

62
Q

high pressure system

A

clockwise, outwards, downwards; higher pressure/density; descending air which favors dissipation of cloudiness, calm or light winds, and fewer clouds

63
Q

low pressure system

A

counterclockwise, inwards, and rising; rising air in conductive to cloudiness, precipitation, poor visibility, gusty winds, and turbulence; trough may be violent weather area

64
Q

cold front

A

separates an advancing mass of cold, dense, and stable air from an area of warm, lighter, and unstable air; cold, dense air moves along the surface and forces the less dense, warm air upward; movement usually eastward

65
Q

stationary fronts

A

when opposing forces from two air masses are balanced, the front that separates them might remain stationary and influence local flying conditions for several days; weather usually a mixture of that found in both warm and cold fronts

66
Q

frontal occlusion

A

fast moving cold front catches up to a slow moving warm front; difference in temperature within each moving frontal system strongly influences which type of front and weather are created

67
Q

cold front occlusion

A

when a fast moving cold front is colder than the air ahead of the slow moving warm front; cold air replaces the cool air at the surface and forces the warm air aloft

68
Q

warm front occlusion

A

when the fast moving cold front is warmer than the air ahead of the slow moving warm front; cold front rides over the warm front forcing the cold front aloft

69
Q

p factor

A

when the downward moving propeller blade takes a bigger “bite” of air than the upward moving blade; happens at high aoa or taking off

70
Q

gyroscopic precession

A

you apply a force to one point of the disc (prop), and the effect of that force (the resultant force) is felt 90 degrees in the direction of rotation of the disc; that forward-moving force, on the right side of the propeller, creates a yawing motion to the left

71
Q

spiraling slip stream

A

happens when your prop is moving fast and your plane is moving slow; takeoff is the best example; air accelerated behind the prop (known as the slipstream) follows a corkscrew pattern. as it wraps itself around the fuselage of your plane, it hits the left side of your aircraft’s tail, creating a yawing motion, and making the aircraft yaw left

72
Q

strokes of an engine

A

suck, squeeze, bang, blow (intake, compression, power, exhaust)

73
Q

intake stroke

A

engine mixes fuel and air in the intake manifold; as it mixes, the intake valve opens as your piston moves down, drawing the fuel-air mixture into the combustion chamber

74
Q

compression stroke

A

the piston is forced up after the intake valve closes, compressing the fuel-air mixture before it is ignited

75
Q

power stroke

A

only stroke that provides you with horsepower; before the piston reaches it’s highest point (top-dead-center), your spark plugs send a current arching across their prongs, igniting the fuel-air mixture; as the fuel and air combust they expand, pushing down the piston; the directional motion of the piston moving down is converted to rotational motion as your piston turns the crankshaft, providing power

76
Q

exhaust stroke

A

now that your engine has extracted the potential energy from the fuel-air mixture you sucked into the cylinders, it’s time to set it up again; exhaust valve opens, and the piston moves up, pushing the exhaust gas out of the cylinder and into the exhaust system

77
Q

wet lease

A

lessor provides aircraft and crew (not legal)

78
Q

dry lease

A

lessee provides its own crew; permitted to operate under part 91, not required to comply with 121/135 operations

79
Q

commercial pilots may not operate for comp or hire in these categories

A

restricted, limited, primary, experimental

80
Q

cones

A

function well in bright light and are sensitive to colors

81
Q

rods

A

react to low light but not colors

82
Q

vestibular system

A

located in your inner ear consists of the vestibule and three semicircular canals; canals are oriented in 3 planes which enables them to sense yaw, pitch, and roll

83
Q

induction icing

A

affects engine power and includes carb icing and air intake icing

84
Q

structural icing

A

builds up any exposed surface of an aircraft causing loss of lift, an increase in weight, and control problems

85
Q

types of structural icing

A

clear, rime, and mixed

86
Q

rime ice

A

normally encountered in stratus clouds and results from instantaneous freezing of tiny water droplets striking the aircraft surface; opaque

87
Q

clear ice

A

develops in areas of large water droplets that are found in cumulus clouds or in freezing rain beneath a warm front inversion; most serious of the various forms of ice because it has the fastest rate of accumulation, sticks to the aircraft, and is more difficult to remove

88
Q

anti icing

A

prevents icing from forming

89
Q

deicing

A

removes ice from the plane

90
Q
A

CAX (7 decks)

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