commercial FARs

Question 1

air carrier

Answer 1

a person who undertakes directly by lease, or other arrangement, to engage in air transportation

Question 2

air commerce

Answer 2

interstate, overseas, or foreign air commerce or the transportation of mail by aircraft or any operation or navigation of aircraft within the limits of any Federal airway or any operation or navigation of aircraft which directly affects, or which may endanger safety in,
interstate, overseas, or foreign air commerce

Question 3

alert area

Answer 3

established to inform pilots of a specific area wherein a high volume of pilot training or an unusual type of aeronautical activity is conducted

Question 4

brake horsepower (BHP)

Answer 4

power delivered at the propeller shaft (main drive or main output) of an aircraft engine

Question 5

calibrated airspeed (CAS)

Answer 5

the indicated airspeed of an aircraft, corrected for position and instrument error. Calibrated airspeed is equal to true airspeed in standard atmosphere at sea
level

Question 6

commercial operator

Answer 6

a person who, for compensation or hire, engages in the carriage by aircraft in air commerce of persons or property, other than as an air carrier or foreign air
carrier or under the authority of Part 375 of this title. Where it is doubtful that an operation is for
“compensation or hire”, the test applied is whether the carriage by air is merely incidental to the
person’s other business or is, in itself, a major enterprise for profit

Question 7

controlled firing area

Answer 7

established to contain activities, which if not
conducted in a controlled environment, would be hazardous to nonparticipating aircraft

Question 8

equivalent airspeed

Answer 8

the calibrated airspeed of an aircraft corrected for adiabatic compressible flow for the particular altitude. Equivalent airspeed is equal to calibrated airspeed
in standard atmosphere at sea level

Question 9

foreign air carrier

Answer 9

any person other than a citizen of the United States, who undertakes directly, by lease or other arrangement, to engage in air transportation

Question 10

foreign air commerce

Answer 10

the carriage by aircraft of persons or property for compensation or hire, or the carriage of mail by aircraft, or the operation or navigation of aircraft in the conduct or furtherance of a business or vocation, in commerce between a place in the United States and any place outside thereof; whether such commerce moves wholly by aircraft or partly by aircraft and partly by other forms of transportation

Question 11

indicated airspeed

Answer 11

the speed of an aircraft as shown on its pitot static airspeed indicator calibrated to reflect standard atmosphere adiabatic compressible flow at sea level uncorrected for airspeed system errors

Question 12

large aircraft

Answer 12

aircraft of more than 12,500 pounds, maximum certificated takeoff weight

Question 13

load factor

Answer 13

the ratio of a specified load to the total weight of the aircraft. The specified load is expressed in terms of any of the following: aerodynamic forces, inertia forces, or ground or water reactions

Question 14

mach number

Answer 14

the ratio of the true airspeed to the speed of sound

Question 15

manifold pressure

Answer 15

absolute pressure as measured at the appropriate point in the induction system and usually expressed in inches of mercury

Question 16

military operations area (MOA)

Answer 16

is airspace established outside Class A airspace to separate or segregate certain nonhazardous military activities from IFR Traffic and to identify for VFR traffic where theses activities are conducted

Question 17

national defense airspace

Answer 17

airspace established by a regulation prescribed, or an order issued under, 49 U.S.C. 40103(b)(3)

Question 18

night

Answer 18

the time between the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight, as published in the Air Almanac, converted to local time

Question 19

operational control

Answer 19

means the exercise of authority over initiating,
conducting or terminating a flight

Question 20

pilotage

Answer 20

navigation by visual reference to landmarks

Question 21

pitch setting

Answer 21

the propeller blade setting as determined by the blade angle measured in a manner, and at a radius, specified by the instruction manual for the propeller

Question 22

prohibited area

Answer 22

airspace designated under part 73 within which no person may operate an aircraft without the permission of the using agency

Question 23

restricted area

Answer 23

airspace designated under Part 73 within which the flight of aircraft, while not wholly prohibited, is subject to restriction

Question 24

special VFR

Answer 24

meteorological conditions that are less than those required for basic VFR flight in controlled airspace and in which some aircraft are permitted flight under
visual flight rules

Question 25

special VFR operations

Answer 25

aircraft operating in accordance with clearances within controlled airspace in meteorological conditions less than the basic VFR weather minima.
Such operations must be requested by the pilot and approved by ATC

Question 26

true airspeed

Answer 26

the airspeed of an aircraft relative to undisturbed air. True airspeed is equal to equivalent airspeed multiplied by (ρ0/ρ) 1⁄2

Question 27

VFR over the top

Answer 27

means the operation of an aircraft over-the-top under VFR when it is not being operated on an IFR flight plan

Question 28

warning area

Answer 28

airspace of defined dimensions, extending from 3 nautical miles outward from the coast of the United States, that contains activity that may be hazardous
to nonparticipating aircraft. The purpose of such warning areas is to warn nonparticipating pilots of the potential danger. A warning area may be located over domestic or international waters or both

Question 29

certification in the normal airplane category

Answer 29

pax seating configuration of 19 or less and a max cert takeoff weight of 19,000 lbs or less

Question 30

what medical must you hold when exercising commercial pilot privileges

Answer 30

2nd class medical

Question 31

first class under 40

Answer 31

12 months 1st then 3rd for remaining 48

Question 32

first class over 40

Answer 32

6 months 1st, 6 months 2nd, 12 months 3rd

Question 33

second class under 40

Answer 33

12 months 2nd, 48 3rd

Question 34

second class over 40

Answer 34

12 months 2nd, 12 3rd

Question 35

when is a type rating required

Answer 35

larger aircraft (except lighter than air), turbojet powered airplanes, other aircraft specified by the administrator through aircraft type certificate procedures

Question 36

when can a person operate without a type rating in an aircraft requiring a type rating