gestation

Question 1

gestation

Answer 1

• time between fertilisation and birth

- usually 280 days

Question 2

prenatal development

Answer 2

• early development

- later development

Question 3

fertilisation

Answer 3

• occurs in fallopian tube
• zygote forms
• moves through cervix into uterus to fallopian tube
• egg surrounded by follicle gets sucked into fallopian tube by fimbriae
• occurs top part of fallopian tube

Question 4

blastocyst formation and implantation

Answer 4

• diploid zygote divides immediately
• morula is formed
• morula develops into hollow fluid filled ball of cells (blastocyst)
• outer cells form trophoblast
• inner mass develops into cell mass
• developing embryo moves along tubes to uterus
• sinks into endometrium (implantation)

Question 5

formation of the embryo

Answer 5

• embryo
• amnion becomes fluid filled
• yolk sac forms umbilical cord
• trophoblast develops villi
• outer layer ectoderm
• inner layer endoderm
• between layer mesoderm
• all tissues will develop like such
• embryological malformations occur as drugs, viruses and environmental factors

Question 6

foetal period

Answer 6

• 9th week to end of pregnancy
• rapid growth
• bones ossify
• subcutaneous adipose tissue is formed
• antibodies enter via placenta
• foetus turns so head faces cervix

Question 7

ultrasound images

Answer 7

• high-pitched sound waves
• echoes form a sonogram image
• foetal age, size, growth
• early diagnosis

Question 8

placenta

Answer 8

• developed from chorion
• villi penetrate the endometrium
• villi surrounded by blood
• foetal and mother’s blood do not mix
• diffusion of substances
• oxygen and dissolved food substances
• foetal waste products of metabolism
• some maternal antibodies
• micro-filter
• endocrine function (progesterone and oestrogen)
• progesterone prevents ovulation (preventing the loss of the foetus

Question 9

affects

Answer 9

• nicotine
• drugs
• alcohol
• medicine
• can cause significant damage

Question 10

amnion

Answer 10

• membrane

- secretes amniotic fluid

Question 11

amniotic fluid

Answer 11

• protective environment
• 99% water, foetal cells, waste products
• amniocentesis is used to determine chromosomal abnormalities
• supports developing foetus
• cushions and protects
• practice breathing and swallowing
• holds urine
• protects against changes in temperature
• protects against dehydration

Question 12

umbilical cord

Answer 12

• two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein
• umbilical arteries carry waste
• umbilical vein carry oxygenated blood